Chapter 14 North and South

prejudice

an unfair opinion not based on facts

trade union

group of workers with the same trade or skill

literacy

he ability to read and write

slave codes

laws in Southern states that controlled enslaved people

nativist

person opposed to immigration

overseer

plantation manager

Clipper Ship

ship with sleek hulls and tall sails that clipped time from long journeys.

List the three inventions in the 1830's that helped farmers overcome difficulties in farming the land.

steel tipped plow mechanical reaper thresher

How did the creation of the telegraph impact the lives of Americans?

t allowed information to be communicated in minutes rather than days which allowed people to quickly learn about events happening in other parts of the United States. It also helped businesses to become more efficient with production and shipping.

domestic slave trade

the trade of enslaved people among states of the United States

discrimination

unfair treatment

Why did industry develop slowly in the south?

Agriculture, particularly cotton, produced great profits and to build factories they would have to sell their land which meant they couldn't grow as much cotton. Many people in the South couldn't afford to buy goods so it didn't make sense to manufacture them there.

Describe the three phases of industrialization

During the first phase employers divided jobs into smaller steps which allowed each worker to specialize in one step and become and expert in it. During the second phase factories were built and this allowed the product to move quickly from one worker to the next. During the third step workers used machines to complete tasks which meant that products were created much faster.

Describe the impact of industrialization on cities.

Factories were usually in urban areas and since they drew workers, cities grew in size.

Describe life in Southern cities.

Low literacy. Segregated communities. No public school. Few railroads.

Explain how African Americans were treated in the North.

There were segregated, had separate schools, hospitals and social systems. They weren't slaves but they also weren't treated as equals. They couldn't vote.

Explain the importance of the development of railroads.

They connected many cities forming a network that united the Midwest and the East.

Describe the lives of African American slaves.

They worked hard, earned no money and had little hope of freedom. It was illegal to get married but many still did. Families were broken up as people were sold, but extended families of relatives and friends provided stability.

Describe the working conditions of factory workers.

Uncomfortably hot or cold conditions. Often unsafe working environment. Long hours and low pay. Child labor was a serious problem.

List the three categories of white Southerner's.

Yeomen who owned small farms. Tenant farmers who rented land from property owners and they made up the majority of the white population in the South. Plantation owners. Owned thousands of acres and many slaves.

telegraph

a device that used electric signals to send messages

productivity

a measure of how much a worker can produce with a given amount of time and effor

Underground Railroad

a system of cooperation to aid and house enslaved people who had escaped

Morse Code

a system of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet

strike

a work stoppage by employees as a protest against an employer

spiritual

an African American religious folk song

famine

an extreme shortage of food