Chapter 14: Nutrition and Fluid Balance

A force fluids medical order means that A) The NA should encourage the resident to drink more fluids B) The NA should force the resident to drink fluids, even when the resident does not want to C) The NA decides what the resident can have to drink D) The resident should only drink water

A

When serving meals to residents, a NA should: A) Check the diet card and identify the resident before serving the meal tray B) Do as much as possible for each resident so that the meal can be finished more quickly C) Leave the door of the food cart open so that the food is not too hot when served D) Serve one resident at each table before going back to serve the second resident at each table

A

Which of the following information is included on a resident's diet card? A) Special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other dietary instructions B) Intake and output records C) Amount of activity D) Health department survey results

A

Which of the following is a cause of dysphagia? A) Problems with dentures B) Problems with casts C) Problems with splints D) Problems with warm applications

A

In which position should a resident be for eating? A) Partially reclining B) Sitting upright C) Flat on his or her back D) On his or her side with the head raised

B

What is the minimum amount of fluids that a person should drunk per day to help prevent dehydration? A) 16 oz B) 64 oz C) 90 oz D) 122 oz

B

When a resident is dehydrated, he may have A) Light-colored lips B) Cracked lips C) Moist mucous membranes D) Regular bowel elimination

B

Which of the following is a responsibility of the dietary department? A) The department writes the medical order for which type of special diet each resident requires B) The department prepares food in such a way that residents are able to manage C) The department is responsible for making sure that residents are ready for their meals D) The department prepares food for residents' families

B

Resident has intestinal problems and is avoiding spicy foods and citrus fruits.

Bland diet

Which of the following is a guideline for how NA's should read menus to residents and assist them with selecting their choices? A) The NA should speak quickly and loudly B) The NA should not include beverage choices C) The NA should make selections sound appetizing D) The NA should encourage nutritious choices, but should make the final decision, even if the resident prefers something else

C

Resident is drinking fluids that a person can see through.

Clear liquid diet

Signs that a resident is malnourished include a feeling of __________ throughout the body, weight loss, frequent _________ and problems with __________

Coldness;infections; sleeping

True or False NA should encourage residents to eat as little as possible so that they do not gain too much weight.

False

True or False Resident can drink liquids that are pudding thick from a cup with or without a straw

False

True or False Resident must eat whatever food is served, even if it is not what they want.

False

True or False Residents who need to consume thickened liquids are still allowed to drink non-thickened coffee and water.

False

True or False The best position for eating is reclining about 45 degrees

False

Monosaturated and polyunsaturated are types

Fats

Resident has severe heart or kidney disease and has fluid intake monitored.

Fluid-restricted diet

Important sources of dietary fiber and many nutrients, including folic acid and vitamin C

Fruits

Half of a person's plate should consist of choices from these two groups

Fruits and Vegetables

Resident is consuming clear liquids with the addition of cream soups, milk, and ice cream.

Full liquid diet

Resident has celiac disease, and foods containing wheat flour are eliminated from the diet.

Gluten-free diet

At least half of all of these consumed should be "whole"

Grains

One subgroup of these contains the bran, germ, and endosperm

Grains

Resident is trying to gain weight after surgery or an illness.

High calorie diet

Resident is taking diuretics and eating bananas, oranges, and sweet potatoes and yams.

High-potassium diet

Resident has serious burn that is healing and is eating meat, fish, and cheese.

High-protein diet

Resident is eating whole grains and raw fruits and vegetables.

High-residue or high fiber diet

What is calorie balance?

Is the relationship between the calories obtained from food and fluids consumed and the calories used during normal body functions and physical activity

Resident does not eat meat for ethical reasons, but chooses to eat eggs and dairy products.

Lacto-ovo diet

Resident cannot digest the sugar found in milk and other products, but is allowed soy milk.

Lactose-free diet

Resident has heart disease and is eating white meat, skim milk, and low-fat cottage cheese.

Low fat/ low-cholesterol diet

Resident is trying to lose weight.

Low-calorie diet

Resident has kidney or liver disease and is eating vegetables and starches and reducing protein intake.

Low-protein diet

Resident as a bowel disorder and is decreasing intake of grains, dairy, and coffee.

Low-residue or low-fiber diet

Resident has heart disease and is limiting his salt intake.

Low-sodium diet

Resident's food is prepared with a blender or food processor.

Mechanical soft diet

List three types of food that a a person should eat less often

Salt, added sugar, and fatty meats

True or False Dining tables should be adjusted to the right height for wheelchairs

True

True or False Food should be served promptly to maintain correct temperature

True

True or False Mealtimes are often the most anticipated times of the day for residents.

True

True or False Resident should be given assistive devices for eating if needed.

True

True or False Residents with dysphagia are evaluated to determine if they should consume thickened liquids.

True

True or False Staff should honor residents' requests to sit with friends

True

True or False The three types of thickened liquids generally used by facilities are nectar thick, honey thick, and pudding thick.

True

True or False Thickened liquids move down the throat more slowly and limit the risk of choking.

True

Resident does not eat meat, poultry, fish, eggs, or dairy products.

Vegan diet

List four types of foods that a person should eat more often

Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fat-free or low fat dairy products

Help remove waste products from cells

Water

What should be consumed instead of sugary drinks?

Water

One disease that can make swallowing difficult

alzheimers disease

The NA should report any decrease in _________ to the nurse.

appetite

Fluids overload occurs when more fluid ________ the body than is _________ from the body

enters; eliminated

Give flavor to foods

fats

A(n) _____________ order means the person must limit the daily amount of fluids to a level set by the doctor.

fluid restrictions

Symptoms of fluid overload include weight ________, difficulty ____________, and _________ heart rate

gain; breathing;increased

This includes all foods made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, and barely

grains

Fluid overload can occur can occur when the heart, __________ or lungs are not working properly

kidneys

Lack of proper nutrition that results from insufficient food intake or an improper diet

malnutrition

Unintended weight loss puts a person at a greater risk for ___________

malnutrition

Unintended weight loss may be due to a(n) _____________ condition or a(n) _______________ diet.

medical; unappetizing

Help keep bones and teeth strong

minerals

How the body uses food to maintain health

nutrition

The NA should talk about food being served in a ________ way to encourage eating.

positive

Eating seafood twice a week in place of meat or poultry is recommended for this group

protein

Essential for tissue growth and repair

protein

Plant sources of this include beans and soy products

protein

Reasons for fluid restrictions include recent ___________, illness, a special __________, or having a feeding ________

recent surgery, medical test, tub

It is important for NA to __________ any weight loss they notice.

report

When less of this produced, eating and swallowing are affected

saliva

The NA should ________ food to the resident's preferences.

season

The NA should check for ________ of the ankles, feet, fingers or hands.

swelling

Problems with these make chewing difficult

teeth

Within this group, dark green, red, and orange types have the best nutritional content

vegetables

Can be fat-soluble or water-soluble

vitamins

The body does not make most of these nutrients; they can only be obtained through certain foods

vitamins

A person can survive only a few days without this

water

Most essential nutrient for life

water

True or False If a resident needs his food cut for him before eating, this should be done at the dining table.

False

List six types of food that are high in sodium

Cured meats salty or smoked fish processed cheese salted foods vegetables presoaked in bring Sauces w/ high concentrations of salt

Guidelines for preventing aspiration include the following: A) Placing residents in a reclining position for eating and drinking B) Placing food in the paralyzed side of the mouth C)Offering at least three bites of food before offering a liquid D) Making sure food is swallowed after each bite

D

Which of the following is a guideline that a NA should follow for helping residents during mealtimes? A) The NA should mix all of the food on the plate together so that residents will be more likely to eat it. B) The NA should tell residents which foods look appetizing and which do not C) The NA should blow on food that is too hot to get it to cool down more quickly. D) The NA should respect residents' refusals to eat but report them to the nurse.

D

Which of the following is a sign of dysphagia? A) Eating very rapidly B) Healthy enjoyment of eating C) Normal breathing D) Coughing during or after meals

D

Which of the following is a way that a NA can promote residents' dignity during mealtime? A) The NA should let residents know which food they need to eat first B) The Na should insist that resident wear bibs to keep their clothing free of food. C) The NA should discourage conversation during mealtimes so that residents will be able to eat more quickly. D) The NA should say positive things about the food being served.

D

Resident is counting carbohydrates.

Diabetic diet

The medical term for difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia

Animal sources of this include meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs

Protein

Resident has trouble chewing and swallowing and cannot tolerate a regular or soft mechanical diet.

Pureed diet

Resident is making the transition from a liquid diet to a regular diet.

Soft diet

What are two things that can help a person eat less?

Stop eating when you feel satisfied Pay attention to your food

One sense affected by aging and/or medication that affects the appetite

Taste

Add fiber to diets, which helps with solid waste elimination

carbohydrates

Most choices from this group should be fat-free or low-fat

dairy

These products contain calcium, potassium, vitamin D, and protein

dairy

This group includes food that retain their calcium content, such as yogurt and cheese

dairy

Warning signs of unintended weight loss include resident having _________ that do not fit properly or difficulty chewing or ___________.

dentures; swallowing

Staff may change special ___________ orders due to weight loss.

diet

The NA should check _____________ and meal trays to make sure residents are receiving the correct food.

diet cards