CHAPTER 14: [PNS] PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Which symptom would NOT be caused by neuropathy in the femoral nerve? A) paresthesia in the anterior thigh B) weakness or paralysis of the quadriceps muscles C) weakness in the adductor muscles of the thigh D) paresthesia in the medial leg
C) weakness in the adductor muscles of the thigh
Which muscle group is innervated primarily by the median nerve? A) Flexor muscles in the forearm B) Intrinsic muscles in the hand C) Extensor muscles in the forearm D) Extensor muscles in the arm
A) Flexor muscles in the forearm
Which of the following muscles is innervated by both the femoral and obturator nerves of the lumbar plexus? A) Pectineus B) Adductor brevis C) Iliopsoas D) Vastus medialis
A) Pectineus
Baroreceptors are a type of __________ that monitors __________. A) mechanoreceptor / blood pressure B) thermoreceptor / temperature changes C) nociceptor / pain D) nociceptor / chemicals in solution
A) mechanoreceptor / blood pressure
Steve has decided to go mountain climbing with his friends. As he climbs the mountain, he slips and falls. Although Steve insists that he is fine, his friends take him to the doctor in order for him to receive a full medical exam. The neurological aspect of his exam reveals that he is unable to extend his hallux and that he has very little sensation on the dorsum of his foot. Which of the following nerves was most likely damaged in his fall? A) Femoral nerve B) Common fibular nerve C) Tibial nerve D) Obturator nerve E) Not enough information to tell
B) Common fibular nerve
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the posterior division of the brachial plexus? A) Biceps brachii B) Supinator C) Pronator teres D) Flexor pollicis longus
B) Supinator
The nerve fibers that form the M of the brachial plexus are derived from which portions of the plexus? A) The anterior and posterior cords B) The anterior divisions C) The upper and lower trunk D) Only spinal nerves C5-C7
B) The anterior divisions
The nerves of the anterior division of the brachial plexus innervate all of the following muscles EXCEPT the __________. A) pronator teres B) deltoid C) biceps brachii D) coracobrachialis
B) deltoid
David has sustained an injury to his neck that has resulted in the complete loss of sensation to the posterior side of his upper arm and an inability to extend his index finger. Which nerve has most likely been damaged as a result of his injury? A) Ulnar B) Axillary C) Musculocutaneous D) Radial E) Median
D) Radial
The abducens nerve (CN VI) A) if paralyzed, results in Bell's palsy. B) exits from the medulla. C) relays sensory information from the taste buds on D) the tongue. E) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
E) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
Children that have had chicken pox may experience a reactivation of this viral infection in adulthood, which is known as A) shingles B) peripheral neuropathy C) polio D) sciatica E) Bell's palsy
A) shingles
Which cranial nerve pair has three major branches, the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII
B) V
What is unusual about the last nerve in the thoracic series (T12)? A) Most of its fibers enter the brachial plexus. B) It provides innervation to the posterior abdominal wall. C) It lies inferior to the 12th rib. D) It is the only thoracic nerve that does not supply intercostal muscles.
C) It lies inferior to the 12th rib.
The__________nerve transmits afferent impulses for the special senses of hearing and balance.
vestibulocochlear
Identify the word grouping that is correct. A) Posterior division, axillary nerve, deltoid B) Anterior division, medial and lateral cords, triceps brachii C) Posterior division, medial and lateral cords, extensor muscles D) Anterior division, ulnar nerve, extensor muscles in the forearm.
A) Posterior division, axillary nerve, deltoid
Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus? A) facial and vestibulocochlear nerves B) glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves C) vestibulocochlear nerve and branches of the trigeminal nerve D) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves
A) facial and vestibulocochlear nerves
Which answer choice correctly identifies functions of the hypoglossal nerve? A) tongue movements during speech and swallowing B) food mixing and manipulation by the tongue; somatic motor fibers to the trapezius muscle C) special sensory fibers carry information about taste; parasympathetic fibers control tear production from the lacrimal gland D) innervation of skeletal muscles of the pharynx; parasympathetic innervation to pupil constrictor muscles
A) tongue movements during speech and swallowing
Which of the following muscles is NOT innervated by the branches of the sacral plexus? A) Semimembranosus B) Adductor longus C) Adductor magnus D) Gastrocnemius E) Biceps femoris (short head)
B) Adductor longus
Which spinal nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus, and what could become paralyzed if these nerves are damaged? A) L4-S4; gluteal muscles, and hamstrings B) L1-L4; quadriceps femoris and adductor muscle group C) L1-L4; muscles of the abdominal wall and skin of the anterior thigh D) L1-L4; gracilis and tibialis anterior E) All of the choices are correct concerning the lumbar plexus.
B) L1-L4; quadriceps femoris and adductor muscle group
Sally was working in the kitchen when she was careless and picked up a hot pan with her bare hand. After healing, Sally continues to feel a loss of sensation on the lateral surface of her palm. Although Sally maintains normal movement in all her muscles, her cutaneous sensation has been impaired. Which nerve was most likely damaged as a result of her burning incident? A) Axillary B) Median C) Ulnar D) Musculocutaneous E) Radial
B) Median
Hilton's law states that __________. A) the spinal nerves exiting from the thoracic region are the only ones that do not form plexuses B) any nerve that innervates a muscle producing a movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself (and the skin over it) C) all muscles are innervated by more than one nerve so that no muscle will lose function from damage to a single nerve D) the skin segment served by a specific spinal nerve overlaps with only the spinal nerve directly superior to it
B) any nerve that innervates a muscle producing a movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself (and the skin over it)
At what point in embryonic development do sensory peripheral axons begin growing from the neural crest of dorsal root ganglia? A) not earlier than week eight of development B) late in the fourth week of development C) not until week 13 of development D) during the fifth week of development
B) late in the fourth week of development
Which type of fibers are found in the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)? A) sensory and motor to the entire tongue B) motor to the muscles of the tongue C) motor to the intrinsic muscles of the tongue only D) sensory from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue; motor to extrinsic muscles of the tongue
B) motor to the muscles of the tongue
The doctor explained to Pria that the brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervate the upper limb, and that carpal tunnel syndrome is a result of one of those nerves being compressed where it passes through the carpal tunnel. Which terminal nerve of the brachial plexus would be responsible for the tingling and weakness in her left hand? A) Ulnar B) Radial C) Median D) Musculocutaneous E) Axillary
C) Median
What do cranial nerves I, II, and VIII have in common? A) They all transmit general somatic motor impulses. B) They all transmit gustatory (taste) impulses. C) They all transmit special sensory impulses. D) They all transmit visceral motor impulses.
C) They all transmit special sensory impulses.
Which function remains intact with Bell's palsy? A) You can frown symmetrically. B) You can wrinkle your forehead on both sides. C) You can chew on both sides. D) You can smile symmetrically.
C) You can chew on both sides.
Which answer choice correctly identifies functions of the hypoglossal nerve? A) food mixing and manipulation by the tongue; somatic motor fibers to the trapezius muscle B) special sensory fibers carry information about taste; parasympathetic fibers control tear production from the lacrimal gland C) tongue movements during speech and swallowing D) innervation of skeletal muscles of the pharynx; parasympathetic innervation to pupil constrictor muscles
C) tongue movements during speech and swallowing
The nerve that innervates the flexor muscles located in the arm (brachium) is the __________. This nerve is a branch of the __________ cord. A) Ulnar nerve; medial B) Musculocutaneous nerve; posterior C) Axillary nerve; radial D) Musculocutaneous nerve; lateral E) Median nerve; medial
D) Musculocutaneous nerve; lateral
Pria experienced both numbness and motor weakness. If just one nerve was compressed, how could she be feeling both? A) More than one nerve must be affected, because one nerve would be responsible for the sensory input problems (numbness), and one nerve would be responsible for the motor output problems (weakness). B) The same neuron type would result in both weakness and numbness when not functioning properly. C) A single neuron of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) carries both sensory and motor information, so compression of a nerve would result in both numbness and motor weakness. D) Nerves usually contain both somatic sensory and somatic motor neurons. When compressed, the neurons won't function properly.
D) Nerves usually contain both somatic sensory and somatic motor neurons. When compressed, the neurons won't function properly.
Why are sensory neurons that monitor touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature considered "general sensory receptors"? A) They only give a "general" understanding of the sense being perceived. B) They are formed earlier in embryonic development, and are the source for the special sensory receptors. C) They are too unspecialized to have individual categories and names. D) Their receptors are widely distributed over the body
D) Their receptors are widely distributed over the body
When the humerus is broken mid-shaft, injury to the radial nerve can often result. Following healing of the broken bone, what muscular deficits would be apparent if the radial nerve had been injured at the area of fracture? A) Weakness or loss of abduction of the shoulder B) Weakness or loss of extension of the elbow C) Weakness or loss of flexion of the distal phalanges D) Weakness or loss of extension of the wrist
D) Weakness or loss of extension of the wrist
The spinal root of which cranial nerve pair innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? A) IV B) V C) VIII D) XI E) XII
D) XI
Which structure listed below is NOT innervated by the cranial nerve shown here? A) anterior 2/3 of tongue B) skin of the cheek C) muscles of mastication D) muscles of facial expression
D) muscles of facial expression
Using Hilton's law of the innervation of joints, determine which nerves innervate the elbow joint. A) musculocutaneous nerve B) median and ulnar nerves C) median, radial, and ulnar nerves D) musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves
D) musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, and radial nerves
all of the nerves located deep to the wooden probe are derived from the __________ cord of the brachial plexus. A) medial B) anterior C) lateral D) posterior
D) posterior
To which division of the peripheral nervous system does the nerve ending shown here belong? A) autonomic motor (VM) B) somatic motor (SM) C) visceral sensory (VS) D) somatic sensory (SS)
D) somatic sensory (SS)
A fracture of the humerus that injures the radial nerve could cause which deficit? A) Loss of ability to abduct the arm B) inability to oppose the thumb ("ape hand"). C) paralysis of the forearm flexors, biceps brachii, and brachialis D)loss of function of digital and carpal extensors
D)loss of function of digital and carpal extensors
Branches of the__________cranial nerve are desensitized when a dentist gives a shot of Novocain which prevents pain impulse transmission from the teeth and gums.
trigeminal
