Chapter 14 pretest

What is a major criticism of both the stimulus- and response-based definitions of stress?

These definitions provide a complete definition of stress.

Which of the following is a good example of a response-based definition of stress?

Bruce experiences stress because his heart rate increased when he noticed Jack had a knife.

Who developed biofeedback as a technique to treat combat stress?

Gary Schwartz

Who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions"?

Hans Selye

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Latricia has been lost in the woods for days. After such a long period of anxiety and fear, Latricia collapses by a tree.

Is anger suppression or anger expression a more effective approach for coping with racism?

Some research shows anger suppression is more effective while other research shows anger expression is more effective.

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In high-stress humans, exercise has been shown to prevent telomere lengthening.

The word "lengthening" should be changed to the word "shortening."

What can be changed to make the following sentence true? The physical symptoms of psychophysiological disorders are nonexistent, and they can be produced or exacerbated by psychological factors.

The word "nonexistent" should be changed to the word "real."

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

Which of the following statements about the male and female experience of stress is true?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

A(n) ________ attack is often triggered by environmental factors, such as air pollution, allergens, cigarette smoke, airway infections, cold air or a sudden change in temperature, and exercise.

asthma

Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a(n) ________ disease because it involves the body mistaking its own healthy cells for invaders and repeatedly attacking them.

autoimmune

Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

being in a car accident

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Which of the following do not contribute to tension headaches?

depression

Ehab is a high school science teacher. He recently received a Teacher of the Year award for his district, but he believes he only received it because no one else bothered to apply for it. He is a popular teacher, but he is convinced the students only pretend to like him so they will get better grades. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

diminished personal accomplishment

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

distress

Oleksiy is an adjunct professor in the Department of Fine Arts. He applied for a full-time job recently, which he did not get. He tries to put this situation in a positive light, reminding himself that he will have more time to produce artwork if he is not working a full-time job. He also reminds himself that some of his friends from grad school can't find work related to art in any way. Which type of coping approach is Oleksiy using?

emotion focused

________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

exhaustion

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or- flight

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow

The Center for Investigating Healthy Minds conducts rigorous academic research on ________.

healthy aspects of the mind, such as kindness, forgiveness, compassion, and mindfulness

Over the past few years, research suggests that stress levels in the United States have ________.

increased

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

primary

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non- essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

problem focused

Which demographic category reported the least amount of stress during 1983, 2006, and 2009?

retired people

Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.

significantly elevated rates of heart disease

Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.

social support

A demanding or threatening event is often called a(n) ________.

stressor

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

How can a study that involves exposing people to live viruses demonstrate a link between stress and impaired immune function?

Stress weakens the immune system, so people with high stress levels should be more likely to get sick.