Chapter 14 Psych Quiz

Roger was screaming for help as he was being beaten up by a group of muggers on a street. There were about 15 people standing nearby. However, none of the bystanders came forward to help Roger. This scenario representing lack of help illustrates:

c. diffusion of responsibility

Which among the following strategies is the most effective means of dealing with anger? a. Never take another person's perspective on the situation. b. Use language effectively by saying "you," not "I." c. Fantasize about expressing your anger and act on it. d. Minimize the importance of the situation.

d. Minimize the importance of the situation.

Which alternative correctly names the psychologist often associated with a given social influence concept?

d. Obedience—Milgram

Which of the following is TRUE of schemas? a. A schema occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts. b. Schemas are never susceptible to error. c. Schemas are absolutely accurate as our moods affect how we perceive others and we make judgments based on our moods. d. Schemas help us predict what others are like on the basis of relatively little information.

d. Schemas help us predict what others are like on the basis of relatively little information.

_____ is the process by which communal groups and individuals exert pressure on an individual, either deliberately or unintentionally.

d. Social influence

The field of _____ examines the influence of cognitive biases and attribution errors on people's economic decision making.

d. behavioral economics

A person who enjoys thinking, reflecting, and philosophizing is most likely to score high on a measure of the need for:

d. cognition

The foot-in-the-door technique works because:

d. involvement with the small request leads to an interest in an issue.

When compared to a one-sided message, a two-sided message is:

d. more persuasive

The reciprocity-of-liking effect means that we like:

d. people who like us.

Halo Effect

An initial impression that an individual has some positive (or negative) traits leads us to infer that they have many other positive (or negative) characteristics as well.

The love we feel for family members and close friends is termed _____ love.

c. companionate

People with a high habitual level of thoughtfulness and cognitive activity are more likely to employ central route processing. (True/False)

True

Under groupthink, members lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view. (True/False)

True

If you are exhibiting the self-serving bias, which statement would be your most likely explanation for a poor grade on the test?

a. "The professor doesn't know how to teach."

As water reflects a face, so a man's heart reflects the man.

a. Proverbs 27

He who trusts in himself is a fool, but he who walks in wisdom is kept safe.

a. Proverbs 28

Based on Sternberg's theory of love, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Relationships are happiest in which the strength of the various components are similar between the two partners. b. Companionate love includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another. c. The intimacy component of love includes initial thoughts that one loves someone and the longer-term feelings of commitment to maintain love. d. The different combinations of the three components of love remain stable over the course of relationships.

a. Relationships are happiest in which the strength of the various components are similar between the two partners.

Behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice is termed:

a. altruism

The _____ theory suggests that people tend to be ethnocentric, viewing the world from their own perspective and judging others in terms of their group membership.

a. social identity

One forms an impression of another individual:

a. very quickly, within a few seconds.

According to Asch's pioneering work on conformity, which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Groups that unanimously support a position show the least pronounced conformity pressures. b. Having just one person present who shares the minority point of view is sufficient to reduce conformity pressures. Selected: c. Conformity refers to behavior that occurs only in response to direct social pressure.This answer is incorrect. d. The more attractive a group appears to its members, the lesser its ability to produce conformity.

b. Having just one person present who shares the minority point of view is sufficient to reduce conformity pressures.

Which of the following was suggested by ethologist Konrad Lorenz regarding aggression? a. Lorenz argued that aggression is a primary instinctual drive observed only in animals. b. Lorenz believed that society should offer people acceptable ways of permitting catharsis. c. Lorenz said that the shorter the energy builds up, the greater the amount of the aggression displayed when it is discharged. d. Lorenz suggested that participation in aggressive sports and games would encourage the discharge of aggression in less socially desirable ways.

b. Lorenz believed that society should offer people acceptable ways of permitting catharsis.

Like a city whose walls are broken down is a man who lacks self-control

b. Proverbs 25

An ad agency creates two ads for a particular car. One stresses the car's safety and gas mileage; the other simply shows how fun it is to drive. The first ad relies on the _____ route to persuasion; the second, on the _____ route.

b. central; peripheral

Social psychologist Leon Festinger is associated with the study of:

b. cognitive dissonance

_____ refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.

b. conformity

In determining the causes of others' behavior, we overemphasize _____ factors; this is the _____.

b. dispositional; fundamental attribution error

Social Psychology is the scientific study of:

b. how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

But are you in love?" Lynette asks her friend. Lynette is trying to determine whether her friend is experiencing _____ love.

b. passionate

In Asch's classic conformity studies, participants thought they were taking part in a study of:

b. perceptual skills

A(n) _____ is an expectation about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that acts to increase the likelihood the event or behavior will occur.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy

The social rank held within a group is termed:.

b. status

Research using the Implicit Association Test reveals that _____% of participants show a pro-white bias. This _____ the results of research examining the activation of the amygdala in response to black faces.

c. 90; supports

__________ occurs when people are persuaded on the basis of factors unrelated to the nature or quality of the content of a persuasive message.

c. Peripheral route processing

The influential "prison" study of the power of social roles was conducted by:

c. Philip Zimbardo.

Which of the following compliance techniques is correctly matched with its description? a. Foot-in-the-door—Someone makes a large request, expects it to be refused, and follows it with a smaller one. b. Door-in-the-face—When salespeople provide samples to potential customers, they do so to instigate the norm of reciprocity. c. That's-not-all technique—When a salesperson offers you a deal at an inflated price, immediately after the initial offer, the salesperson offers an incentive, discount, or bonus to clinch the deal. d. Not-so-free sample—You ask a person to agree to a small request which, because it is small, the likelihood that he or she will comply is fairly high.

c. That's-not-all technique—When a salesperson offers you a deal at an inflated price, immediately after the initial offer, the salesperson offers an incentive, discount, or bonus to clinch the deal.

Which of the following is TRUE of factors that determine changes in attitudes? a. Two-sided messages are less effective than one-sided messages. b. Fear-producing messages are generally less effective when they provide the audience with a means for reducing the fear. c. The communicator's expertise and trustworthiness are related to the impact of a message. d. There is no existence of gender differences in persuasibility.

c. The communicator's expertise and trustworthiness are related to the impact of a message.

George met Paul at a seminar for the first time. When Paul expressed his political interests, George felt that Paul was very much like him as they shared the same opinions on political ideals. George's inference is an example of:

c. assumed-similarity bias

The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts is known as:

c. cognitive dissonance