Chapter 14 section 3&4

Who was Dred Scott?

Dred Scott was a slave owned by a U.S. Army doctor. They lived Illinois and Wisconsin T. (slavery illegal). Both settled in Missouri when the war was over. He claimed he was free because he had lived in free states. He sued for his freedom

Why did the war occur?

The south and the North both accepted the idea of war over slavery thinking it could not be avoided. The South pushed for war and the North accepted it said Lincoln in his inaugural address #2.

What was the reaction to the election in the South?

The south now believed they did not have a say in issues. Thinking the president and congress were set against their issues (slavery). South Carolina was the first to succeed after the election. Six more states than followed South C. Southerners such as Andrew Johnson and Sam Houston opposed succession. People such as them lost hope thinking that it would be to hard to stop them. When Lincoln took office the succeeded states had a constitution and a president. Senator Jefferson Davis.

What occurred for the Republican party in 1856?

Their first presidential candidate, John C. Fremont (army officer- helped CA win independence,-MA war), ran for president. Democratic James Buchanan won. Republicans won in 11 of 16 free states.

What happened to James Brown after Kansas?

Brown was driven out of Kansas and returned to New England where he lead a small band of supporters to attack the village of Harper Ferry, Virginia. He wanted to seize guns and give to the A.A. He was captured and 10 of his men were killed. The court found him guilty of murder and treason. He said the bible told him to protect the poor and enslaved and if he had to die so be it.

Who was Roger B. Taney?

Chief Justice of the supreme court in 1857. Wrote Dred v. Sandford.

Who was Abraham Lincoln?

He was a Illinois lawyer who spoke out against the case. He said that A.A. could not be citizens was a false view of American history. Lincoln's career in politics was brief after serving for only a year. The Kansas-Nebraska Act brought him back in to politics (disagreed). Lincoln's rival was Stephen Douglas (railroad man) politically and personally. Both wanted Mary Todd. Lincoln got her. Lincoln was chosen to run for the Republicans in 1858. Lincoln wanted to ban slavery and many southerners suspected it.

What new party formed in 1854? Why? What did they believe?

In 1854 the Republican party was formed when the Whig party split. Northern Whigs wanted to stop the spread of slavery to the western territories. The republican party also attracted Democrats and Free-Soil party members.

What was Lincoln's reaction to the South's reaction? How did the South respond?

Lincoln reassured the succeeded states that he had no plan on interfering with slavery where it exists. He also warned them about their choice. The south did not accept it and began taking over federal building in the South.

What was the result of the Election of 1860?

Lincoln won all the states except four slave holding. Bell won Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. Douglas only had Missouri. Lincoln won 40% of the popular vote but won the electoral votes needed.

What was Fort Sumter?

Located on an island off of Charleston, South Carolina. The authorities of S.C. decided to wait for surrender which did not come. So they cut off their supplies and planned on waiting them out. Lincoln wanted to keep the fort but feared sending troops would cause more states to succeed. So he sent ships with nothing more than food. Confederate's open fired on the fort and after burning for 36 hours the U.S. troops finally surrendered. This marked the beginning of the Civil War.

What happened after John Brown was hung?

Northerners mourned his death. The southerners were shocked at this reaction. They now further thought the North was out to destroy their lives.

What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Public debates were held between Lincoln and Douglas for senate. Newspapers reported what each man said. Douglas wanted Popular sovereignty and made Lincoln out to be a dangerous abolitionist who wanted Slaves to be equal to whites. Lincoln took a stand against slavery. He said slavery would die out but it was the people's job to keep it out of the West. He also defended that black men should have all the right of the white man (life , liberty, and the pursuit of happiness). Douglas won the election however, two years later they would debate again for the presidency.

What occurred in terms of the Republican party after 1854?

Republicans became powerful and election were only held months after the formation. Almost half of the U.S. candidates for House of Reps. was Republican. Democrats remained in control in only two northern states.

The election of 1860.

Republicans- Abraham Lincoln (became popular during his debates against slavery and Stephen Douglas. Southern Democrats wanted slavery northerner's did not. This split the party South D. chose Vice president John Breckenridge of Kentucky. North D. chose Stephen Douglas. The Constitutional Union Party wanted slavery but wanted the U.S. to stay together. They elected John Bell of Tennessee. Stephan knew Lincoln would win however, he went to the south to plead for them to vote for the Union. They did not respond well.

What was the reaction to the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

Supporters of slavery were overjoyed. This meant slavery was legal in all territories. Northerners were stunned this meant slavery could spread through the west. A black man named Frederick Douglass claimed that outrage against the decision would bring more whites to the cause.

What was the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford?

The court claimed Dred was not free. He could not sue in federal court because A.A. were not citizen's. He explained that you were not free by simply living in a free state. Slaves were property protected by the U.S. constitution. He also said the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional because Congress did not have the right to prohibit slavery anywhere.