Chapter 14

403) The nerve immediately inferior to the 12th rib is the a) T12 subcostal nerve. b) 11th intercostal nerve. c) abdominal nerve. d) ilioinguinal nerve. e) A or B

a) T12 subcostal nerve.

420) Which of the following is true of receptors? a) They monitor conditions inside the body or in the external environment. b) All types are capable of responding to all types of stimuli. c) They are present in the peripheral parts of the body only. d) Structurally, they are simpler than most other types of neurons. e) None of the above are true.

a) They monitor conditions inside the body or in the external environment

363) The dorsal root of a spinal nerve contains a) axons of sensory neurons. b) cell bodies of motor neurons. c) axons of motor neurons. d) ventral rami. e) interneurons.

a) axons of sensory neurons.

392) The ulnar nerve starts in / is found in the plexus. a) brachial b) thoracic c) lumbar d) sacral e) cervical

a) brachial

360) The spinal nerves enter and exit the vertebral canal through the a) vertebral foramen. b) intervertebral foramen. c) transverse foramen. d) dorsal root. e) ventral root.

b) intervertebral foramen

361) The ventral root of a spinal nerve transmits information the spinal cord. a) sensory; away from b) motor; away from c) sensory; toward d) motor; toward e) both A and D

b) motor; away from

419) In the correct order, the steps involved in a neural reflex are: (1) information processing (2) activation of a sensory neuron (3) arrival of a stimulus and activation of a receptor (4) activation of a motor neuron (5) response of a peripheral effector (a) 1, 4, 5, 3, 2 (b) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 (c) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (d) 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 (e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

(b) 3, 2, 1, 4, 5

385) What is the correct order of passage for visceral motor fibers on their way to a spinal nerve? (1) autonomic ganglion (2) ventral root (3) gray ramus (4) lateral gray horn (5) white ramus (a) 4, 3, 2, 1, 5 (b) 5, 4, 2, 3, 1 (c) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 (d) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 (e) 1, 4, 5, 2, 3

(d) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3

422) Which of the following is true of the development of reflexes? a) At birth, neither the cerebral nor the cerebellar cortex is fully responsive. b) They are all complete in the spinal cord prior to birth, but not in the brain. c) All reflexes are fully functional and mature at birth. e) None of the above are true.

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426) Activation of a motor neuron during the processing of a reflex action a) carries the nerve impulse to the peripheral effector organs. b) sends a response to peripheral structures by way of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve. c) typically enhances the original stimulus that triggered the reflex. d) occurs instantaneously, with the start of the stimulation. e) does none of the above.

a) carries the nerve impulse to the peripheral effector organ

428) The stretch reflex a) is exemplified by the knee jerk, or patellar, reflex. b) if functioning normally, indicates that spinal segments T12-L1 are intact. c) is activated anytime a limb or other body segment is extended. e) does none of the above.

a) is exemplified by the knee jerk, or patellar, reflex.

423) Spinal reflexes a) may include polysynaptic reflexes. b) always transmit information to the brain for processing. c) include monosynaptic reflexes only. d) involve only a single segment of the spinal cord. e) do both A and B.

a) may include polysynaptic reflexes.

379) All of the following are true of fiber tracts in the spinal cord except a) the tracts are randomly located with respect to the type of information carried. b) all axons within a tract relay information in the same direction. c) axons of a single tract are relatively uniform in diameter, myelination, and conduction speed. d) each tract carries sensory or motor information, but not both. e) there are no exceptions; all of the above are true.

a) the tracts are randomly located with respect to the type of information carried.

429) Which stretch reflex is the most appropriate to test when attempting to diagnose damage to the radial nerve? a) the triceps jerk b) the brachioradialis tendon jerk c) the biceps tendon jerk d) the knee jerk e) the ankle jerk

a) the triceps jerk

418) Striking of the medial epicondyle of the humerus often compresses the nerve. a) ulnar b) axillary c) median d) radial e) none of the above

a) ulnar

421) Which of the following is true of simple reflexes? b) Interneurons perform the elaborate processing needed to complete the action. c) The simplest reflexes require the most complex processing. d) They have the greatest variability of response. e) None of the above are true.

b) Interneurons perform the elaborate processing needed to complete the action.

391) The levator scapulae, scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid are innervated by the plexus. a) axillary b) cervical c) brachial d) lumbar e) neck

b) cervical

375) The pia mater is connected to the dura mater to anchor the spinal cord in place at paired structures called a) the filum terminale. b) denticulate ligaments. c) the conus medullaris. d) coccygeal ligaments. e) none of the above.

b) denticulate ligaments.

401) The ulnar nerve receives sensory information from the a) lateral forearm. b) fifth digit of the hand. c) upper arm. d) hallux. e) pollex.

b) fifth digit of the hand.

388) Which of the following do nor innervate the rotator cuff a) axillary nerve b) musculocutaneous nerve c) suprascapular nerves d) subscapular nerves e) All of the above innervate the rotator cuff.

b) musculocutaneous nerve

400) Which of the following nerves innervates the brachialis muscle? a) suprascapular nerves b) musculocutaneous nerve c) subscapular nerves d) axillary nerve e) All of the above innervate the brachialis muscle.

b) musculocutaneous nerve

365) The meninges include a) different layers for the brain and the spinal cord. b) pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater from the inside outward. c) pia mater, dura mater, and venous sinuses from the outside inward. d) two layers of transverse collagen fibers. e) none of the above.

b) pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater from the inside outward.

374) The blood vessels that most directly supply the spinal cord are found in the a) subarachnoid space. b) pia mater. c) arachnoid mater. d) epidural space. e) dura mater.

b) pia mater.

378) The nuclei in the spinal cord that contain the cell bodies of the somatic and visceral sensory neurons are located in (the) a) gray commissures. b) posterior gray horn. c) lateral gray horn. d) anterior gray horn. e) none of the above.

b) posterior gray horn.

412) Loss of sensation and motor control of the upper and lower limbs is called a) hemiplegia. b) quadriplegia. c) aplegia. d) paraplegia. e) none of the above.

b) quadriplegia.

396) Which is the correct order of mixing in the brachial plexus? a) division, branch, cord, trunk, root b) root, trunk, division, cord, branch c) trunk, branch, cord, division, root d) root, cord, trunk, branch, division e) none of the above

b) root, trunk, division, cord, branch

357) Components of the central nervous system (CNS) include a) autonomic components only. b) the spinal cord and brain. c) efferent components only. d) peripheral nerves and ganglia. e) none of the above.

b) the spinal cord and brain

386) A motor neuron that innervates skeletal muscles of the hand will pass through (the) a) white ramus. b) ventral ramus. c) dorsal ramus. d) gray ramus. e) all of the above.

b) ventral ramus.

413) Which spinal segments have been damaged if a person has difficulty performing the exercise known as a forearm curl (i.e., flexion of the elbow against resistance)? a) C1 and C2 b) C3 and C4 c) C6-T1 e) C5-C7

c) C6-T1

417) How do higher centers in the brain influence reflexive motor activities? a) They influence only the lowest, most stereotyped, levels of motor control. b) They don't; reflexes are unaffected by activity in higher centers. c) They can enhance or suppress spinal reflexes via descending tracts. d) They do both B and C. e) They do none of the above.

c) They can enhance or suppress spinal reflexes via descending tracts.

371) The meshwork of elastic fibers that make the arachnoid mater look "webby" are (the) a) arachnoid granulations. b) arachnoid extensions. c) arachnoid trabeculae. d) subarachnoid spaces. e) none of the above.

c) arachnoid trabeculae.

393) The axillary nerve a) innervates the skin over the lateral surface of the hand. b) arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. c) arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. d) innervates the pronators of the forearm. e) does all of the above.

c) arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

367) Caudal extensions of the dura and pia mater that connect to the sacrum and coccyx make up (the) a) inferior ligament of the spinal cord. b) denticulate ligaments. c) coccygeal ligament. d) cordosacral ligament. e) none of the above.

c) coccygeal ligament.

384) The body surface region monitored by a specific pair of spinal nerves is called (a) a) ramus communicans. b) ventral ramus. c) dermatome. d) perineurium. e) none of the above.

c) dermatome.

383) Motor fibers travel in the of the spinal cord. a) medial tract b) ascending tract c) descending tract d) posterior tract e) none of the above

c) descending tract

382) Which of the following connective tissue wrappings contains blood vessels that supply the Schwann cells? a) perineurium b) epineurium c) endoneurium d) neurilemma e) fascicle

c) endoneurium

380) The outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds each nerve and its branches is the a) fascicle. b) endoneurium. c) epineurium. d) perineurium. e) fasciculus.

c) epineurium.

407) Gluteus maximus is innervated by (the) a) pudendal nerve. b) superior gluteal nerve. c) inferior gluteal nerve. d) sciatic nerve. e) all of the above.

c) inferior gluteal nerve

406) The large connection between the lumbar and sacral plexi is called (the) a) tibial nerve. b) pelvic plexus. c) lumbosacral trunk. e) none of the above.

c) lumbosacral trunk

410) Another name for the fibular nerve is the nerve. a) posterior tibial b) lateral c) peroneal d) popliteal e) both A and B

c) peroneal

359) Select the association that is most closely matched, with regard to the gray matter of the spinal cord. a) posterior → motor b) anterior → sensory c) posterior → sensory d) anterior → integrative e) None of the above match.

c) posterior → sensory

416) When a football player suffers an injury to his hamstring muscles, these muscles swell and he also suffers numbness and tingling in the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and the foot. What structure was injured in addition to the hamstring muscles? a) superior gluteal nerve b) genitofemoral nerve c) sciatic nerve d) saphenous nerve e) none of the above

c) sciatic nerve

415) The largest nerve in the body is (the) a) tibial. b) radial. c) sciatic. d) brachial. e) none of the above.

c) sciatic.

372) A needle used in a spinal tap must be inserted until its tip is in the a) subdural space. b) peridural space. c) subarachnoid space. d) arachoid mater.

c) subarachnoid space.

414) The nerve most active during sexual activity is (the) a) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. b) pudendal nerve. c) superior gluteal nerve. e) none of the above.

c) superior gluteal nerve

405) The reason the lumbar plexus and sacral plexus are sometimes referred to as the lumbosacral plexus is because a) they both carry only sensory information. b) they have a very large connection between them. c) they innervate the same area of the body. d) they are so close together. e) of none of the above.

c) they innervate the same area of the body.

387) Which of the following regions of the spinal cord does not form a nerve plexus? a) cervical b) sacral c) thoracic d) lumbar e) All of the above form nerve plexi.

c) thoracic

402) Which of the following regions of the spinal cord follows typical segmenting without mixing roots? a) lumbar b) cervical c) thoracic d) sacral e) All of the above form nerve plexuses.

c) thoracic

424) When skeletal muscles contract without a command from the brain it is usually the result of a) an autonomic reflex. b) an accidental signal from the brain. c) chemical imbalance. d) a spinal reflex arc. e) none of the above.

d) a spinal reflex arc

369) The epidural space contains a) lymph. b) denticulate ligaments. c) cerebrospinal fluid. d) connective tissue and blood vessels. e) gray matter.

d) connective tissue and blood vessels.

366) The outermost layer of the meninges is (the) a) arachnoid mater. b) periosteum. c) pia mater. d) dura mater. e) none of the above.

d) dura mater.

368) The space just outside the dura mater is called the a) subarachnoid space. c) subdural space. d) epidural space. e) peridural space.

d) epidural space.

377) Axons crossing over in the cord pass through (the) a) posterior white commissure. b) anterior white commissure. c) anterior gray horns. d) gray commissure. e) none of the above.

d) gray commissure

376) The H-shaped mass in the center of the spinal cord is mostly a) axons. b) white matter. c) black matter. d) gray matter. e) none of the above.

d) gray matter.

397) The only nerve of the brachial plexus that has a contribution from only one spinal segment is the nerve. a) dorsal scapular b) subscapular c) suprascapular d) long thoracic e) subclavius

d) long thoracic

390) Which of the following is not a nerve of the cervical plexus? a) great auricular nerve b) ansa cervicalis c) lesser occipital nerve d) nerve to subclavius e) All of the above are part of the cervical plexus.

d) nerve to subclavius

409) Adductors of the thigh are controlled by the a) femoral nerve. b) fibular nerve. c) iliohypogastric nerve. d) obturator nerve. e) tibial nerve.

d) obturator nerve.

381) A bundle of nerve fibers is surrounded by a) neurilemma. b) epineurium. c) endoneurium. d) perineurium. e) none of the above.

d) perineurium.

404) Which of the following arises from the sacral portion of the lumbosacral plexus? a) iliohypogastric nerve b) saphenous nerve c) ilioinguinal nerve d) pudendal nerve

d) pudendal nerve

395) Posterior upper limb muscles are innervated primarily by the a) musculocutaneous nerve. b) axillary nerve. c) median nerve. d) radial nerve. e) ulnar nerve.

d) radial nerve.

399) Posterior compartment muscles of the upper limb muscles are innervated by the a) ulnar nerve. b) musculocutaneous nerve. c) median nerve. d) radial nerve. e) C and D.

d) radial nerve.

425) In the simplest reflex arc, a) a sensory neuron contacts few interneurons before synapsing on a motor neuron. b) transmission of the impulse from one cell in the arc to another is electrical. c) the response is produced by a polysynaptic chain of at least ten neurons. d) the delay between stimulus and response is the shortest in the nervous system. e) none of the above happens.

d) the delay between stimulus and response is the shortest in the nervous system

370) The dura mater is the a) meninx that forms the coccygeal ligament along with components of the filum terminale. b) innermost of the meninges c) outermost covering over the brain, but not the spinal cord d) toughest and thickest of the meninges. e) structure that does all of the above.

d) toughest and thickest of the meninges.

358) The spinal cord a) is a highway for information traveling to or from the brain. b) integrates information c) processes information d) A and B e) A, B and C

e) A, B and C a) is a highway for information traveling to or from the brain. b) integrates information c) processes information

411) Generally speaking, the nerves of the lumbar plexus control (the) a) skin of the medial side of the knee. b) anterior thigh. c) medial thigh. d) abdominal muscles. e) all of the above. a) skin of the medial side of the knee. b) anterior thigh. c) medial thigh. d) abdominal muscles.

e) all of the above.

398) Which of the following are nerves of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? a) axillary nerve b) radial nerve c) musculocutaneous nerve d) ulnar nerve e) both A and B a) axillary nerve b) radial nerve

e) both A and B

362) Spinal nerves extending distal to the conus medullaris are collectively referred to as the a) spinal meninges. b) denticulate ligaments. c) filum terminale. d) motor neurons. e) cauda equina.

e) cauda equina

364) The spinal meninges function to a) assist in delivering nutrients and oxygen to the spinal cord. b) protect the spinal cord. c) stabilize the spinal cord. d) absorb shocks to the spinal cord. e) do all of the above.

e) do all of the above.

427) With respect to control of spinal reflexes, the higher brain centers a) have no effect on reflexes. b) act to enhance or suppress spinal reflexes. c) influence spinal reflexes in a series of interactive levels. d) take part after the individual chooses to permit the reflex to proceed. e) do both B and C.

e) do both B and C. b) act to enhance or suppress spinal reflexes. c) influence spinal reflexes in a series of interactive levels.

389) The cervical plexus a) gives rise to the phrenic nerve, which provides the sole motor supply to the diaphragm. b) gives rise to branches that supply the skin of the neck, shoulder, and upper chest region. c) consists of the ventral rami of spinal nerves C1-C4, and some fibers from C5. d) gives rise to motor branches that innervate the muscles of the neck. e) does all of the above.

e) does all of the above.

408) The anterior muscles of the thigh are innervated by the a) iliohypogastric nerve. b) genitofemoral nerve. c) saphenous nerve. d) obturator nerve. e) femoral nerve.

e) femoral nerve.

373) The subarachnoid space is a) filled with fat. b) a potential space only. c) between the arachnoid and the underlying dura mater. d) between the arachnoid and the periosteum. e) filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

e) filled with cerebrospinal fluid.