Chapter 15 Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonist Exam StudyGuide

The side effects of methyldopa an alpha adrenergic agonist includes, _____________________.

headache, nasal congestion, drowsiness, nightmares, constipation, edema, ejaculation dysfunction, and elevated hepatic enzymes.

Clonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist used primarily to treat ___________.

hypertension, leading to vasodilation and decreased BP.

Blockers end with -______?

-lol

Explain the major responses to stimulation of adrenergic receptors.

A significant response to the stimulation of adrenergic receptors causes the stimulation of cardiac contractility, bronchodilation, increased (or decreased) heart rate and pulse. (all things that may stimulate a flight or fight response)

What is the difference between selective and non selective adrenergic agonists and adrenergic antagonists?

Adgrenergic agonists include hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, restlessness, tremors, dysrhythmia, dizziness, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema. adrenergic antagonists present receptor activation blocking a response.

The side effects of Clonidine include ___________________.

Bradycardia, sedation (at very low doses), headache, nasal congestion, drowsiness, nightmares, constipation, edema, ejaculation dysfunction, and elevated hepatic enzymes.

adrenergic receptors are __________________.

Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic terminals.

Some of the contraindications of Albuterol, a beta2 adrenergic agonist include __________________________.

Hypersensitivity to milk protein, cardiac dysrhythmias, coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, renal dysfunction, advanced age, seizures, MAOI therapy, and pregnancy.

sympathomimetics are ______________.

Medicines that mimic the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine, aka adrenergic agonists.

Adverse reactions of albuterol a Beta 2 adrenergic agonist include _____________________.

Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, infection, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, cardiac dysthythmias, angioedema, bronchospasms, Steven-Johnson syndrome.

Side effects of Albuterol a beta2 adrenergic agonist include ________________.

Tremor, dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, restlessness, agitation, anxiety, sweating, headache, nasopharyngitis, insomnia, weakness, nausea, diarrhea, muscle cramps.

What precautions should you take when administering epinephrine or dopamine IV? Select all that apply... a. Record ad asses baseline, and understand that adrenergic agonists are contraindicated if the patient has cardiac dysrhythmia, narrow-angle glaucoma, or cardiac shock. b. Determine baseline glucose levels c. Dilute the medication and monitor IV site because these IV's can cause tissue damage and necrosis within 12 hours. d. Monitor vital signs, report signs of increased BP or HR, ECG, the urinary output for retention. e. Monitor glucose levels for all patients

a. Record ad asses baseline, and understand that adrenergic agonists are contraindicated if the patient has cardiac dysrhythmia, narrow-angle glaucoma, or cardiac shock. b. Determine baseline glucose levels c. Dilute the medication and monitor IV site because these IV's can cause tissue damage and necrosis within 12 hours. d. Monitor vital signs, report signs of increased BP or HR, ECG, the urinary output for retention. e. is wrong ------ Monitor glucose levels for all patients---- The nurse should monitor glucose levels of diabetic patients

The urinary bladder and urinary sphincter contraction is increased. Which type of adrenergic agonist is stimulated? a. alpha 1 b. alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta 2 E. Dopaminergic

a. alpha 1

While assessing a patient who has increased contractibility of the heart and increased blood pressure, you notice the mydriasis (pupil dilation). Which adrenergic agonist is likely to be stimulated? a. alpha 1 b. alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta 2 E. Dopaminergic

a. alpha 1

While doing an assessment on your patient you notice that the patients pupils are dialated and the patients mouth is dry. What type of adrenergic agonists is likely to be stimulated? a. alpha 1 b. alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta 2 E. Dopaminergic

a. alpha 1

After assessment of the patient is showing signs of increased cardiac contractility, vasoconstriction, dilated pupils, decreased salivary gland secretion, and he complains of increased bladder and prostate contraction. Which of the following receptor is being stimulated? a. alpha 1 b. alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta 2 E. Dopaminergic

a. alpha 1 located in the blood vessels, eye, bladder, and prostate

Sympathomimetic adrenergic agonists act on __________________.

alpha and beta receptors to promote CNS, cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, strengthens cardiac contractions, increases cardiac rate and output, reverses anaphylactic reactions.

Side effects of sympathomimetic adrenergic agonist epinephrine include _____________.

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, tremors, agitation, sweating, headache, pallor, insomnia, weakness, dizziness, hyperglycemia.

When blood vessels vasoconstrict the blood pressure increases and there is increased contractibility of the heart. which receptor is being stimulated? a. alpha 1 b. alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta 2 E. Dopaminergic

b. alpha 1

adrenergic antagonists (adrenergic blockers) are _________.

b. drugs that block either the alpha or the beta receptors.

A patient comes in with hypotension and decreased gastrointestinal tone and motility. What may be the cause of this occurance? a. epinephrine is released into the system due to alpha 1 stimulation. b. norepinephrine is released into the system due to the effects of adrenergic agonist Alpha 2. c. myocardial contractility and heart rate stimulation d. dopaminergic is released into the system

b. norepinephrine is released into the system due to the effects of adrenergic agonist Alpha 2

Methyldopa is an alpha adrenergic agonist that is taken up into the _____________ and is converted. It then decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS and causes peripheral resistance and therefore vasodilation and reduction of ______ occurs.

brain stem; BP

Albuterol is a Beta2 adrenergic agonist that causes _____________ and if given in high doses it can cause an increase in ___________.

bronchodilation; HR

Which adrenergic agonists cause increased heart contractions and heart rate, and also effect the kidney by increasing renin secretion, angiotensin and B.P.? a. Alpha 1 b. Alpah 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta2 e. Dopaminergic

c. Beta 1

Which receptor is located primarily in the heart and kidney? a. Alpha 1 b. Alpah 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta2 e. Dopaminergic

c. Beta 1

The alpha 2 receptor causes smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract to decrease tone and motility. Which other receptor does the same thing, but also causes bronchodilation, relaxatation of uterine muscle, and activation of glycogenolysis that increases blood sugar in the liver? a. Alpha 1 b. Alpha 2 c. Beta 1 d. Beta2 e. Dopaminergic

d. Beta2

sympatholytic are __________

drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, aka adrenergic blockers.

alpha antagonists (alpha blockers) are _____________.

drugs that promote vasodilation, causing a decrease in BP.

Beta antagonists (beta blockers) may _______________.

may inhibit the action of albuterol and decrease BP and pulse. Sometimes beta blockers can block both Beta1 and Beta2 and should be used with extreme caution for patients with COPD.

Adverse reactions of sympathomimetic epinephrine include _____________________.

palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea, tissue necrosis of the IV site, ventricular fibrillation and pulmonary edema.

adrenergic agonists are _________.

receptors that are the targets of catecholamines

The _______________ nervous system is activated by the flight or fight situation, therefore, ______________ and ____________ are involved. The body parts being stimulated include the eyes, heart, lungs, blood vessels, GI Tract, bladder, and uterus.

sympathetic, norepinephrine and epinephrine

The contraindications of epinephrine a smpathomimetic adreneric agonist include __________________.

tachydysrhythmias, arteriosclerosis, labor, glaucoma and should be used with caution in patients with hypertension, prostatic hypertrophy, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy and diabete

catecholamines are _______________________

the chemical structures of a substance either synthetic (man-made) or endogenous (made in the body) that can produce a sympathomimetic response.