Chapter 15 Air Pollution and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Use Figure 15-1. A daily measurement of toxic emissions in Maine measures 0.070 ppm. What amount of that would be attributed to gasoline powered automobiles such as a 4-door sedan?

0.021 ppm

Use Figure 15-5. In 2006, the total population of the U.S. was approximately 300,000,000 people. About what percent of those people lived in counties where PM2.5 levels exceeded the NAAQS?

22%

Specific reasons for sick building syndrome as identified by the EPA include all of the following except

CFCs

Which of the following pollutants bonds with hemoglobin thereby interfering with O2 transport in the blood stream?

CO

Early air pollution legislation in the United States sought to control all of the following EXCEPT

CO2 emissions

In order to control tropospheric ozone it is necessary to limit I. VOC emissions II. NOX emissions III. CO emissions

I and II only

The members of a municipality involved in the air pollution issues of the urban area are i. The local government ii. The public iii. The local industries

I, II and III

Which of the following practices would act to reduce vehicular exhaust in urban areas? I. Establish "No Idling" zones II. Require Enhanced Auto Inspections III. Retrofit gasoline pumps with sleeves to collect VOC's

I, II, and II

Which of the following does NOT hold true regarding indoor air pollution?

Indoor air pollution is only a health risk in developing countries

How does Chattanooga's location make it more susceptible to pollution?

Its location in a bowl formed by mountains causes air pollution to get trapped.

Which of the following pollutants would most adversely affect respiratory tracts?

PM2.5

Which type of pollution control is most difficult?

Removing pollutants after they have been dispersed over a wide area

The beneficial ozone is ____ and the dangerous ozone is ____.

Stratospheric, tropospheric

Use Figure 15-3. Which piece of legislation is most likely to have caused the change over time shown in the figure?

The Clean Air Act

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant involved in photochemical smog?

Tropospheric O3

The correct sequence of events for acid deposition are W. deposition of ions on vegetation or soil X. secondary pollutants are formed Y. combustion releasing SO2 and NOX Z. dissociation of pollutants

Y->X->Z->W

Use Figure 15-3. The change in acid deposition for the southern half of the state of Michigan from 1989-1991 to 2006-2008 is

a decrease of approximately 50%

Which of the following best describes the indoor air pollutant asbestos?

a fibrous mineral that can cause respiratory diseases

The movement of large polluted air masses across the Pacific ocean into the northern United States is an example of

a reason that collaborative international air quality legislation would be useful

Which harmful substance was once commonly used as insulation?

asbestos

Use Figure 15-2. Which region shown on the maps appears to have the worst air quality?

central California

Use Figure 15-4. The "hole" in the ozone layer is

greatest over the South Pole

Problems associated with the thinning ozone layer include all of the following EXCEPT

increased incidences of asthma

In order to reduce the amount of ground-level pollutants (e.g. VOCs, NOX, CO and tropospheric ozone), municipalities around the globe have instituted all of the following EXCEPT

installing scrubbers on automobiles

Ground level ozone is classified as a pollutant because it reduces lung functionality AND

it can degrade plant surfaces

All of the following describe the production of stratospheric ozone EXCEPT

it is formed from the reaction of C with O2 in the presence of NOX

Possible economic benefits to legislation on air pollution would include all of the following EXCEPT

lowering the tax on a gallon of gasoline

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with acid deposition?

negative effects on human skin with contact

The smog that frequently exists in major metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, CA is known as brown smog and consists primarily of what component?

ozone

Which of the following ranges correctly describes the pH of acid deposition?

pH < 5.6

A phenomenon associated with the buildup of toxic compounds and pollutants in an airtight space is known as

sick building syndrome

Haze in the Amazon basin would most likely come from

slash and burn methodologies used to remove trees

If a municipality wanted to take measures to decrease its air pollution, the largest impact would come from

switching its city fleets of vehicles to natural gas from gasoline

Sulfates are considered secondary pollutants because

they result from the transformation of primary pollutants