chapter 15 Bio: evolution on a small scale

What is the typical mutation rate within a cell?

A. 1/100,000

Which of the following examples is one of genetic drift?

A. A forest fire kills all plant life south of a highway.

In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle cell trait an advantage?

A. An environment that has malaria.

The figure shown here represents stabilizing selection. What happens when an individual is produced that possesses a trait far away from the mean value?

A. That extreme individual will likely not survive and reproduce.

The usage of the insecticide DDT to control mosquitos resulted in

A. directional selection to insecticide resistance in the insects

A group of field mice cross a highway and join a new population of field mice on the other side, producing offspring with this population. This is an example of

A. gene flow.

If the survivors of an original population survived due to specific phenotypes that they possessed, then this event is an example of

A. natural selection.

In the figure shown here, flower color of a population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the pink flower color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

A. stabilizing selection.

If p = 0.6, what is q?

B. 0.4

What might occur in moth populations if pollution from industry was cleaned up, and the color of tree bark returned to its natural color?

B. Birds would now see the dark moths easier than the lighter color moths.

What is the genotype of an individual that is lives in protection from both sickle cell disease and malaria?

B. HbAHbS

Why does the malaria disease persist in the human population?

B. Multiple phenotypes survive in a balanced polymorphism

Today, cheetahs show extreme genetic similarity. This is evidence of

B. a past bottleneck event.

In the figure shown here, flower color of a population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white and yellow flower colors increase in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

B. disruptive selection.

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate the new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of

B. genetic drift.

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are

B. most likely to reproduce.

Microevolution is not influenced by which of the following?

B. random mating

The effects of genetic drift are more significant in

B. small populations.

In random mating

B. there is no influence on mate choice.

What characteristic do a bottleneck and a founder effect have in common?

C. Both involve a decrease in a population's genetic diversity.

Why do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in their reliance on mutations for generating genetic variation?

C. Eukaryotes sexually reproduce, prokaryotes do not.

Which of the following is not one of the conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

C. Random mating must not occur.

A population of bacteria is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, through repeated exposure to an antibiotic, the frequency of the recessive allele is rapidly increasing. What is the most likely explanation for this response?

C. The recessive allele is responsible for resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotic.

If a population recovers to its original population size after experiencing a bottleneck, which statement is correct regarding this population?

C. The recovered population shows less genetic diversity that the population prior to the bottleneck.

If the average leg size of a reptile continually got smaller through generations, this would be an example of

C. directional selection.

In the figure shown here, flower color of a population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the white flower color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

C. directional selection.

Which of the following is most likely to lead to two distinct species?

C. disruptive selection

British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of

C. disruptive selection.

All of the genes and all of their associated alleles within a population represent the population's

C. gene pool.

The frequency increase of dark phenotypes in response to increased pollution is called

C. industrial melanism.

Which Hardy-Weinberg condition is violated by sexual selection?

C. random mating

A female peacock chooses a male as a mate based on his showy plumage and courtship dance. This is an example of

C. sexual selection.

Directional selection in the modern horse is demonstrated by

C. the gradual increase in size over time.

If half of a population is homozygous recessive, what is p?

D. 0.293

If p2 = 0.04, what is the frequency of homozygous recessives in the population?

D. 0.64

Which of the following is most likely an example of a founder effect event?

D. A random small group of a bird population migrates to an island and does not return to breed.

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following?

D. Small-scale changes over a short period of time.

In the figure shown here, the bell-shaped curve representing the population illustrates that *see pic*

D. most individuals are pink, few individuals are yellow or white.

If people with freckles preferentially mate with other people with freckles, this would be an example of

D. nonrandom mating.

Biotic environments that influence natural selection includes all but which of the following?

D. weather

Which individual would be considered the fittest?

E. Individual that has the greatest number of offspring

Individuals who inherit sickle cell disease, a recessive disorder, tend to die at an early age while individuals who are homozygous for their blood cells survive. How does the recessive allele persist in the population?

E. Individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait have an advantage in certain environments.

What statement is false regarding the differences between a biological species and subspecies?

E. Phenotypes of different species are easily recognizable; little to no phenotypic variation exists among subspecies.

Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population?

E. adaptation

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does q2 represent?

E. frequency of the homozygous recessives

Which of the following does not result in a decrease of genetic variation?

E. mutation

T/F: Dominance causes an allele to become more common.

False

T/F: Natural selection will favor directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection in the same population simultaneously.

False

T/F: Polydactylism (possessing more than five fingers per hand) within the Amish population in Pennsylvania is considered an example of founder effect. This is because the frequency of polydactylism among the Amish in Pennsylvania is identical to its frequency among the Amish population in Germany.

False

T/F: The conditions required by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are commonly found in nature.

False