Chapter 15 Connect Quiz

Identify the areas in which standardized tests are often used for diagnosis. (select all that apply) a. reading b. mathematics c. history d. arts

a and b

The distinction between achievement tests and aptitude tests is sometimes blurred because both types of tests _________. (select all that apply) a. produce highly correlated results b. determine a student's future performance c. measure adequate yearly progress d. assess a student's current status

a and d

Match the times at which standardized tests are administered with their appropriate roles toward planning and improving education. a. start of the school b. end of the school 1. can help determine the required level of instruction 2. can help determine the effectiveness of instruction

a with 1 and b with 2

Match the types of Praxis tests with their descriptions. a. praxis I b. praxis II c. Praxis III 1. it is an assessment of classroom teaching performance which is administered during the first year of teaching and can be used as part of a licensing decision 2. it is a preliminary screening of basic skills that is often taken early in an undergraduate program or before a student is formally admitted to a teacher certification program 3. it is an exit exam that is taken in the junior or senior year of undergraduate school to ensure that students know their specialty content areas and/ or effective pedagogy before being awarded a preliminary teaching certificate.

a with 2, b with 3 and c with 1

Percentile ranks range from _____. a. 1 to 99 b. 0 to 600 c. 1 to 9 d. 0 to 100

a. 1 to 99

Which of the following represents a normal distribution? a. a bell curve b. an exponential curve c. a developmental curve d. a sigmoid curve

a. a bell curve

Identify an external factor that influences reliability. a. ambiguous questions b. poor health c. test anxiety d. Inadequate motivation

a. ambiguous questions

An ______ test is designed to predict a student's ability to learn a skill or accomplish something with further education and training. a. aptitude b. achievement c. performance d. high-stakes

a. aptitude

Identify the type of scoring used by state standards-based tests. a. criterion-referenced scores b. norm-reference scores c. raw scores d. stanine scores

a. criterion-referenced scores

What is the effect of state standards-based tests on the school curriculum? a. it narrows the curriculum to only what is covered on the test b. it widens the curriculum to cover nontested subjects c. it reduces time spent on test-taking d. it places more emphasis on higher-order cognitive skills

a. it narrows the curriculum to only what is covered on the test

In contrast to performance assessments, standardized tests ______. a. provide information about comparability from a "big picture" perspective b. fit better with current educational reform that emphasizes constructivist learning c. exclude multiple-choice questions d. involve higher-level thinking skills

a. provide information about comparability from a "big picture" perspective

A ______ is the number of items the student answered correctly on the test. a. raw score b. grade-equivalent c. standard score d. stanine score

a. raw score

Standardized achievement tests that focus on specific areas usually assess _____. a. skills in a more detailed way than survey batteries b. what learners have learned in a general, non-detailed manner c. a student's accomplishment with further education and training d. a student's ability to learn a skill

a. skills in a more detailed way than survey batteries

some tests reports include percentile bands, a range of scores expressed in percentiles. This is referred to as the ______. a. standard error of measurement b. standard deviation c. percentile-rank score d. percentage error of measurement

a. standard error of measurement

The no child left behind act requires _______ to create standards for students' achievement in mathematics, English/language arts, and science. a. the states b. each grade c. the federal government d. each school

a. the states

True or false: According to McMillian, fair tests are unbiased and nondiscriminatory. a. true b. false

a. true

Measures of _______ tell us how much the scores differ from one another. a. variability b. central tendency c. reliability d. statistical dispersion

a. variability

______ reliability is determined by giving different forms of the same test on two different occasions to the same group of students and observing how consistent the scores are. a. split-half b. alternate-forms c. predictive d. test-retest

b. alternate-forms

True or false: The American Psychological Association, the American Education Research Association, and the National Council on Measurement in Education have approved the use of high-stakes testing as the sole source of information for making major decisions about student promotion and placement a. true b. false

b. false

A ________ score indicates a student's performance in relation to grade level and months of the school year, assuming a 10-month school year, to the norm group. a. stanine b. grade-equivalent c. percentage d. percentile-rank

b. grade-equivalent

Stephen has been preparing for a test that will determine if he graduates. Which of the following types of tests is he most likely to take? a. summative test b. high-stakes test c. separation test d. norm-referenced test

b. high-stakes test

The information obtained from most current high-stakes tests are favorably used to ________. a. identify the specific concepts in a domain that students do not understand b. improve confidence in schools with increased test scores c. assess whether students are using misguided strategies to solve problems d. yield information about students' strengths and weaknesses

b. improve confidence in schools with increased test scores

A survey battery is a group of ______. a. achievement tests intended to measure what the student has learned b. individual subject-matter tests designed for a particular level of students c. aptitude tests used to compare student performance d. intelligence tests designed to predict a student's ability to learn

b. individual subject-matter tests designed for a particular level of students

When split-half reliability is high, the test is _________. a. valid and objective b. internally consistent c. externally consistent d. valid and applicable

b. internally consistent

The _______ is the score that occurs most often. a. median b. mode c. mean d. standard deviation

b. mode

Andrew, a student in the first grade, takes a norm-referenced test in math. Andrew's performance in the test will be rated based on the _______. a. effort of the teacher to teach to the test b. performance of a national sample of first-grade students c. environment of learning and individual capacity to learn d. category of content that was being tested

b. performance of a national sample of first-grade students

An _______ test is intended to measure what a student has learned or what skills the student has mastered. a. aptitude b. intelligence c. achievement d. high-stakes

c. achievement

The critics of the no child left behind act argue that will lead to ________. a. ethnic achievement gap b. decreased test scores or grades c. increased cost on testing means d. constructivist teaching

c. increased cost on testing means

Which of the following types of standardized tests is given to help teachers determine the areas of achievement that need further instructions? a. separation test b. norm-referenced assessment c. interim assessment d. peer-sample test

c. interim assessment

According to critics, the current praxis and state licensure tests do not address the problem of teacher shortages in some states and teacher surpluses in others because ______. a. they fail to assess classroom teaching performance of candidates b. they focus too much on deep knowledge of subject matter c. of a lack of consistency that restricts teacher mobility d. of high cutoff scores that are very difficult to pass

c. of a lack of consistency that restricts teacher mobility

Which of the following types of assessment can reduce inequity and cultural bias? a. high-stakes testing b. norm-referenced assessment c. portfolio assessment d. standardized testing

c. portfolio assessment

Identify a requirement of No Child Left Behind legislation. a. list of teachers without graduate degrees in education must be made public b. all states must have the same standards for students' achievement c. report card that show a school's performance level should be made public d. the criteria for being a qualified teacher must be the same across all states

c. report card that show a school's performance level should be made public

_______ assess skills that students are expected to have mastered before they can be promoted to the next grade or permitted to graduate. a. knowledge surveys b. peer-sample surveys c. standards-based tests d. non-referenced tests

c. standards-based tests

A _____ describes a student's test performance on a nine-point scale ranging from 1 to 9. a. percentile-rank score b. grade-equivalent score c. stanine score d. percentage score

c. stanine score

The principal of a school administers standardized tests for students on a regular basis. Which of the following types of data is most likely to be ascertained from these tests? a. teacher performance b. student use of memorization against actual learning c. student achievement across months or years d. school environment

c. student achievement across months or years

Test-retest reliability can produce falsely inconsistent results when ______. a. the items on the tests are identical b. students do worse on the subsequent test c. students do better on a test due to increased familiarity d. the items on the tests are different

c. students do better on a test due to increased familiarity

What is the widest use of high-stakes testing? a. to encourage social promotion b. to understand the reasons for students' poor performance c. to make decisions regarding remediation d. to identify the type of intervention required for a student

c. to make decisions regarding remediation

A test's ability to sample a content that is to be measured is known as _______ _________.

content validity

A test's ability to predict a student's performance as measured by other assessments or benchmarks is known as __________ ________.

criterion validity

For understanding and interpreting standardized tests, teachers use ________, which deals with mathematical procedures used to describe and summarize data (information) in a meaningful way. a. calculus b. probability theory c. inferential statistics d. descriptive statistics

d. descriptive statistics

Identify a true statement about state-mandated assessments after the 1990s. a. teachers tried to keep them disconnected from state educational goals b. they mainly provided an overall view of students' performance in certain subject areas c. they were rarely linked to what was actually taught and learned in classrooms d. efforts were made to connect them to state-endorsed instructional objectives

d. efforts were made to connect them to state-endorsed instructional objectives

Identify a true statement about a teacher's role in preparing students for standardized testing. a. he or she should not encourage higher-order thinking b. he or she should increase their test anxiety c. he or she should use the standardized test format for classroom tests d. he or she should not teach to the test

d. he or she should not teach to the test

A clock that consistently runs ten minutes ahead has _________. a. poor reliability but high validity b. both poor reliability and poor validity c. both high reliability and high validity d. high reliability but poor validity

d. high reliability but poor validity

Which of the following statements is true about the basis of rating performance in criterion-referenced tests? a. in criterion-referenced tests, performance is based on the teachers b. in criterion-referenced tests, performance is based on the norm group c. in criterion-referenced tests, performance is based on the quality of the content that is tested d. in criterion-referenced tests, performance is based on established standards

d. in criterion-referenced tests, performance is based on established standards

After identifying the strengths and weaknesses of students, _______ can be used to pinpoint their learning weaknesses. a. psychometric tests b. criterion-referenced tests c. norm-referenced tests d. individually administered tests

d. individually administered tests

Identify the traditional definition of validity. a. it is the extent to which a test is unbiased and nondiscriminatory b. it is the extent to which a test produces a consistent score c. it is the extent to which a test produces a reproducible score d. it is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure

d. it is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure

Construct validity is the extent there is evidence that a test ________. a. is unbiased and nondiscriminatory b. produces a consistent and reproducible score c. predicts a student's performance as measured by other assessments d. measures a particular unobservable trait of a person

d. measures a particular unobservable trait of a person

Prior to instruction, standardized test results may _______. a. be used to make major decisions regarding student grade placement b. be used to develop very low or very high expectations for a student or the class c. provide an expectation for a student's ability d. provide an indication of the general ability of the students in the class

d. provide an indication of the general ability of the students in the class

To be called reliable, scores must be relatively free from errors of measurement and be ______. a. applicable and subjective b. accurate and applicable c. objective and generalizable d. stable and dependable

d. stable and dependable

Which of the following tests is most likely to provide information about the academic performance of students over the years? a. separation tests b. provocation tests c. in-basket tests d. standardized tests

d. standardized tests

Identify a recommendation made by the nation academy of education about the need for a national test for teacher candidates. a. the test must be designed to restrict teacher mobility across states b. the test should focus more on expert knowledge than on pedagogical knowledge c. the cutoff scores must be set lower than the current tests d. the test results should be incorporated into state licensing requirements

d. the test results should be incorporated into state licensing requirements

An ______ is a frequency distribution in the form of a graph.

histogram

The group of individuals previously tested that provides a basis for interpreting a test score is called ________ __________.

norm group

An _______ _________ is expressed as a deviation from the mean, which involves the concept of standard deviation.

standard score