Chapter 15 Homework
According to the __________ theory, early undifferentiated lymphocytes in the embryo and fetus undergo a continuous series of divisions and genetic changes that generate hundreds of millions of different cell types, each carrying a particular receptor. clonal deletion clonal selection molecular mimicry genetic recombination
clonal selection
Which of the following cells destroys a target foreign cell by lysis? helper T cell B cell macrophage cytotoxic T cell
cytotoxic T cell
All of the following cells have Class II MHC receptors on their surface EXCEPT multiple choice dendritic cells. red blood cells. B cells. macrophages.
red blood cells.
B and T lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus before moving into the circulatory system. True or False
False
T cell responses are considered cell-mediated immunities because they secrete molecules into circulation. True or False
False
Which of the following are associated with adaptive or acquired immunity? Check All That Apply specificity complement system memory fever recognition of antigens mononuclear phagocytes
specificity memory recognition of antigens
A helper T cell must be activated before it can stimulate a B cell to produce antibody. True False
True
Antigen receptors on lymphocytes include variable regions and diversity regions. True or False
True
A helper T cell becomes activated by a(n) __________. plasma cell antigen-presenting cell B cell memory cell
antigen-presenting cell
One antibody can react with many different epitopes. true or false
false
B cell differentiation is stimulated by interleukins. complement proteins. lipids. antibodies. interferons.
interleukins.
Please match the lymphocyte with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding of the events in B cell and T cell maturation. 1. mature in the bone marrow 2. mature in the thymus 3. migrate to secondary lymphoid organs/tissues 4. are fully activated at birth T cells B cells both T cells and B cells neither T cells nor B cells
1.B cells 2.T cells 3.both T cells and B cells 4.neither T cells nor B cells
Antibodies produced from a single B-cell clone that have specificity for one specific antigen (and may for instance be able to distinguish cancerous cells from healthy cells) are known as immunogens. polyclonal antibodies. major histocompatibility complexes. monoclonal antibodies
monoclonal antibodies
Please select all of the functions of immune receptors to test your understanding. Check All That Apply (2) to perceive and attach to non-self or foreign antigens to promote the recognition of self-antigens to secrete antibodies for neutralization of foreign antigens to promote the expression of genes on nearby cells to determine the class of antibodies used in the primary response
to perceive and attach to non-self or foreign antigens to promote the recognition of self-antigens
Antigen receptors on B lymphocytes (antibodies) consist of one heavy chain and a pair of identical light chains. two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains. two identical light chain and two dissimilar heavy chains. one heavy chain and a pair of dissimilar light chains.
two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains.
Please match the type of T cells with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding of the relationships between the types of T cells and their receptors. 1. antigen specific receptor 2. CD4 3. CD8 helper T cells all T cells cytotoxic T cells
1. antigen specific receptor all T cells 2. CD4 helper T cells 3. CD8 cytotoxic T cells
Please match the statement to the term that it most accurately describes to test your understanding of the main categories of antigens, based on function. 1. cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species but not in others 2. bacterial proteins that are potent stimuli for T cells 3. evoke allergic reactions 4. molecules that escaped lymphocyte differentiation during which immune tolerance to self tissue developed alloantigen autoantigen superantigen allergens
1.alloantigen 2.superantigen 3.allergens 4.autoantigen
An antibody which recognizes a measles virus will not recognize a chicken pox virus because antibodies don't recognize viruses. because the chicken pox antigen is constantly changing. because of the sensitivity of the antibody. because of the specificity of the antibody
because of the specificity of the antibody
Please match the type of immunoglobulins with the statements that most accurately describe them to test your understanding of the basic functions of the five major types. 1. long-term immunity; memory antibodies; neutralizes toxins and viruses 2. secretory antibody on mucous membranes 3. produced at first response to antigen and can serve as B cell receptor 4. receptor on B cells for antigen recognition 5. antibody of allergy and worm infections IgA IgD IgM IgE IgG
1. IgG 2. IgA 3. IgM 4. IgD 5. IgE
Each B cell can react to many different types of antigens. True or False
False
The primary response is also called the anamnestic response. True or False
False
Select the correct sequence for the processing of antigens originated outside of the cell after their ingestion by phagocytes. Multiple Choice Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with Class II MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane. Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, combined with Class I MHCs, move to the Golgi apparatus, then to the plasma membrane. Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing Class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane. Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing Class I MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane. Proteins are broken into fragments, transported to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, fuse with a Golgi vesicle containing Class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
Proteins are broken into fragments within a vesicle, which fuses with a Golgi vesicle containing Class II MHCs, and this complex is transported to the plasma membrane.
Both antigen-presenting cells and B cells have Class II MHC receptors on their surface. True False
True
Helper T cells interact with target cells by recognizing antigens that are complexed with MHC proteins. True or False
True
Proteins generally are T cell dependent antigens. True False
True
Interleukin 12 is secreted by __________ and activates __________. Multiple Choice T memory cells, B lymphocytes natural killer cells, T helper cells antigen presenting cells, T helper cells antigen presenting cells, B lymphocytes
antigen presenting cells, T helper cells
Please choose the answer that best fills in the blanks of this sentence in the correct order. A molecular fragment of an antigen that serves as the primary signal that the molecule is foreign is called a(n) __________, whereas a small foreign molecule that can only elicit an immune response when linked to another larger molecule is called a(n) __________. allergen; hapten epitope; immunoglobulin hapten; epitope epitope; hapten
epitope; hapten
During development, the immune system achieves __________ or the ability of the body to recognize foreign substances known as __________. maturity, antigens immunocompetence, pathogens maturity, adaptors immunocompetence, antigens
immunocompetence, antigens
B cells differentiate into plasma cells and __________. macrophages memory cells helper T cells mast cells
memory cells
Which cell type has properties of both T cells and natural killer cells? cytotoxic T cell natural killer T cell natural killer cell plasma cell
natural killer T cell
Which cell type would likely be the first to attack a tumor even though it does not have specific antigen receptors? natural killer cell cytotoxic T cell natural killer T cell plasma cell
natural killer cell
An antigen-presenting cell presents antigen to a helper T cell __________. inside a vesicle on its surface attached to an antibody on its surface using a Class II MHC on its surface using a Class I MHC
on its surface using a Class II MHC