Chapter 15 Quiz part 4
Which is most strongly absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere? A) UV-A B) UV-B C) UV-C D) UV-B and UV-C E) UV-A and UV-B
B
Asbestos . . . A) Is used for insulation B) Can be easily removed and treated C) Can be a problem in new construction D) Causes skin irritation, nausea, and fatigue E) Is commonly used in furniture
A
A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog . . . A) CO B) CH₄ C) NO₂ D) SO₂ E) PM₁₀
D
Acid depositions form as a result of . . . A) Nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog B) Carbon monoxide and VOCs C) Sulfur dioxide and VOCs D) Nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide E) Carbon monoxide and photochemical smog
D
High levels of photochemical smog are due to . . . I. Nitrogen dioxide II. Sulfur dioxide III. VOCs A) I only B) I and II only C) II and III only D) I and III only E) I, II, and III
D
Which is NOT a result of the reduction in stratospheric ozone? A) Reduced photosynthetic activity B) Increased skin cancer C) Increased eye problems D) Increased birth defects E) Suppressed immune systems
D
Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter? A) Gravitational settling B) Fabric filters C) Electrostatic precipitators D) Catalytic converters E) Scrubbers
D
Emitted from both diesel and burning wood . . . A) CO B) CH₄ C) NO₂ D) SO₂ E) PM₁₀
E
Two major factors involved in the conversion of primary pollutants into secondary pollutants are . . . A) Sunlight and water B) Sulfates and sunlight C) Water and volatile organics D) Nitrogen oxides and sulfates E) Sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid
A
When is the Antarctic ozone hole largest? A) Early spring B) Late summer C) Mid-summer D) Late fall E) Early winter
A
If carbon monoxide emissions decreased from 145 million tons annually to 80 million tons annually, by what percentage have emissions been reduced? A) 41 percent B) 45 percent C) 47 percent D) 52 percent E) 55 percent
B
The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentration of . . . A) Nitrogen dioxide B) Volatile organics C) Chlorofluorocarbons D) Sulfates and nitrates E) Nitric acid
B
The effects of acid deposition include . . . A) Increased cancer rates in aquatic organisms B) Decreased aquatic biodiversity C) Decreased mobilization of metals D) Increased pH of lake water E) Decreased human health in impacted areas
B
The effects of acid deposition include all of the following except . . . A) Mobilization of metal ions from the soil into surface water B) Increased numbers of salamanders in ponds and streams C) Reduced food sources for aquatic organisms D) Erosion of marble buildings and statues E) Erosion of painted automobile finishes and metals
B
Thermal inversions . . . A) Increase the rate of smog formation B) Trap high concentrations of pollution at ground level C) Result in increased levels of acid deposition D) Are caused by high levels of precipitation E) Reduce the negative effects of VOCs
B
Which pollution control method was proposed by an amendment to the Clean Air Act? A) Allowing tolls to limit the use of automobiles B) A market for sulfur emissions C) The regulation of radon emissions D) The use of catalytic converters E) Chemicals developed to prevent the formation of ozone
B
How might the increased use of insulation in a home affect air pollution? A) Some common insulation off-gasses sulfur dioxide B) The production of insulation releases large amounts of particulate matter C) Increased insulation can create indoor air pollution problems D) Insulation prevents problems with radon in homes E) Good insulation can help prevent sick building syndrome
C
Natural sources of air pollution include all of the following except . . . A) Forest fires B) Volcanic eruptions C) Waterfalls D) Dust storms E) Conifer trees
C
Recent increases in acid deposition in the western United States are due to . . . A) Increased emissions in the United States B) Decreased precipitation due to climate change C) Increased emissions in China D) Increased precipitation due to climate change E) Increase emissions in Europe
C
Sick building syndrome . . . A) Occurs most often in old buildings B) Is a primary cause of lung cancer C) Is a result of off-grassing D) Can be prevented by renovation E) Occurs most often in wet tropical areas
C
The formation of ozone begins when an O₂ molecule is split by . . . A) UV-A radiation B) UV-B radiation C) UV-C radiation D) UV-A or UV-B radiation E) UV-B or UV-C radiation
C
The pollutant least likely to be emitted from a smokestack would be . . . A) Carbon monoxide B) Carbon dioxide C) Ozone D) Sulfur dioxide E) Particulates
C
Which is NOT a criteria air pollutant? A) Sulfur dioxide B) Lead C) carbon dioxide D) Particulate matter E) Tropospheric ozone
C
Which outdoor air pollutant is also a significant indoor air pollutant? A) Sulfur dioxide B) Nitrogen oxides C) Carbon monoxides D) Lead E) Ozone
C
A thermal inversion . . . A) Rarely occurs in cities but is common in rural areas B) Helps remove pollutants from the atmosphere C) Leads to decreased amounts of ground-level smog D) Occurs when a warm air layer overlies a cooler layer E) Occurs when a cool air layer overlies a warmer layer
D
How many ozone atoms can a single chlorine atom break down? A) 5,000 B) 10,000 C) 50,000 D) 100,000 E) 500,000
D
The greatest emission of sulfur dioxide comes from . . . A) On-road vehicles B) Biofuels C) Industrial processes D) Electricity generation E) Fires
D
The primary source of radon is . . . A) Electronics B) Indoor fires C) Household chemical fumes D) Rocks and soils E) Construction materials
D
Carbon monoxide . . . A) Increases lung cancer rates B) Leads to the formation of photochemical smog C) Is most problematic in rural areas D) Does not directly cause deaths E) Is produced by incomplete combustion
E
The EPA identifies all of the following as reasons for sick building syndrome except . . . A) Faulty ventilation systems B) Emissions from carpets and furniture C) Contamination from outdoor air D) Contamination from molds and pollen E) High levels of radon in the basement
E
The least amount of nitrogen oxide emissions comes from . . . A) On-road vehicles B) Fossil fuel combustion C) Industrial processes D) Electricity generation E) Fires
E
A dangerous indoor air pollutant . . . A) CO B) CH₄ C) NO₂ D) SO₂ E) PM₁₀
A
The World Health Organization estimates that over half of the deaths worldwide due to indoor air pollution occur among . . . A) Children less than 5 years old B) Elderly people over 65 years of age C) People who work in office buildings D) Workers in the smelting industry E) Workers who manufacture asbestos
A
Which method is used to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions? A) Installation of catalytic converters B) Increased temperature of combustion C) The addition of oxygen to combustion processes D) The use of fluidized bed combustion E) The use of calcium carbonate to absorb emissions
A
Which size of particulate matter causes the greatest health concern? A) PM₂.₅ B) PM₁₀ C) PM₁₀₀ D) PM₃₀ E) PM₁₅
A
A secondary pollutant . . . A) Forms in the stratosphere B) Is transformed by sunlight or water C) Cannot be directly tracked D) Does not directly harm humans E) Forms primarily from incomplete combustion
B
Which statement regarding the decreased levels of stratospheric ozone is correct? A) Increased photosynthetic activity has been measured in the phytoplankton around Antarctica B) The largest decrease in the level of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic region occurs between January and April C) Although the Montreal Protocol led to a reduction in the use of CFCs, it will have little effect on stratospheric ozone levels in the long term D) There is no correlation between the incidence of cataracts and skin cancers and the lower levels of stratospheric ozone E) The global crop yields of wheat, rice, and corn have increased since the reduction in CFC use
B
A pungent reddish-brown gas often associated with photochemical smog . . . A) CO B) CH₄ C) NO₂ D) SO₂ E) PM₁₀
C
All of the following are examples of primary air pollutants except . . . A) Sulfur dioxide B) Carbon dioxide C) Tropospheric ozone D) Nitrogen oxide E) Particulates
C
Through international cooperation, the concentration of chlorine in the atmosphere . . . A) Has already decreased below 3 ppb B) Will stabilize around 3 ppb by 2030 C) Has stabilized at 5 ppb D) Is expected to stabilize at 5 ppb by 2100 E) Is expected to fall below 3 ppb by 2020
C
Under natural conditions the pH of rainfall is closest to . . . A) 8.5 B) 7.1 C) 5.6 D) 4.5 E) 3.1
C
Which is a source of sulfur dioxide found in nature? A) Forest fires B) Lightning strikes C) Plant emissions D) Volcanes E) Soil
D
What percentage of worldwide deaths due to indoor air pollution occurs in developing nations? A) 30 percent B) 50 percent C) 60 percent D) 70 percent E) 90 percent
E