Chapter 15 Quiz; Psychology

Dr. Chen found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups than when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of:

social loafing

Consider the old saying "Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage." Cross-culturally, to what extent is love an important factor in mate selection?

Love is important in American culture but not in certain other cultures.

According to research on factors that determine the likelihood that two people will become friends, which saying is MOST accurate?

"birds of a feather flock together"

In Asch's conformity studies, participants were less likely to conform when:

there was at least one dissenter in the group.

Fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group may hinder one's performance in a particular domain; this phenomenon is known as stereotype:

threat

Jesse is attending college in a city far away from home where he does not know anyone. According to the principle of proximity, Jesse will be MOST likely to make friends with:

bill, his roommate

Blanche is extremely interested in politics and believes an upcoming election is very important to the future. Blanche would most likely be persuaded by a campaign message relying on the ________ route to persuasion.

central

When researchers _____, they must reveal any deception in a study and ensure that participants are unharmed. This takes place at the _____ of an experimental session.

debrief participants; end

Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions and behaved in a sexually provocative way. Frieda's unusual behavior is BEST understood in terms of:

deindividuation

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as:

deindividuation

"He probably cheated on the test because he is a dishonest person." This statement is a(n) _____ attribution.

dispositional

Juan was shopping for a new watch, and the salesperson pressured him to spend money way above his financial limit. Juan attributed this behavior to the salesperson's pushy personality. Juan was attributing his behavior to _____ factors

dispositional

Mrs. Beatty keeps an extremely clean and tidy house. One neighbor says she's compulsive; Mrs. Beatty, though, says that her active family and busy job force her to stay organized, and she wants to set a good example for her children. These contrasting explanations illustrate the difference between _____ and _____ attributions.

dispositional; situational

Luna lives in Houston, Texas, and wants to visit New Orleans during Mardi Gras. She asks her dad to buy her a plane ticket so that she can visit a friend in Seattle, Washington, and he refuses. Luna then asks for the bus ticket to New Orleans and he agrees. Luna capitalized on:

door-in-the-face technique

The kin selection explanation of helping MOST closely reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

_____ attributions are often called situational attributions.

external

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer, more expensive trip. This example illustrates:

foot-in-the-door technique

A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This BEST illustrates:

group polarization.

Direct aggression is to relational aggression as _____ is to _____.

hitting someone; ignoring someone

A cell phone manufacturer uses a famous pop singer to advertise its product to teenagers. The company is relying on the _____ route to persuasion.

peripheral

The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _____ increases attraction.

proximity

A social _____ is the set of behavioral expectations associated with a particular social position.

role

DeWayne is a police officer. When he is off the job, he is known as an easygoing, fun-loving person who enjoys life. When he is on the job, he is very stern, serious, and no-nonsense. DeWayne's professional behavior is an example of a social:

role

New lover is to longtime friend as _____ love is to _____ love.

romantic; companionate

Despite her parents' poverty, Dusty earned a PhD at a prestigious university. Dusty credits her educational success to hardiness and resilience and blames her inability to manage money on the culture of poverty in which she was raised. Dusty reflects an attributional bias known as the:

self serving bias

If students do well on a test, they say, "I got an A!" If they do poorly, they say, "The professor gave me an F." This BEST illustrates the:

self-serving bias

The pressure of social roles and the demands for obedience are reasons cited for the events at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, where American soldiers tortured and humiliated Iraqis in 2004. Such explanations for the U.S. soldiers' behavior reflect _____ attributions.

situational

_____ psychologists investigate human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to other people.

social

At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This BEST illustrates:

social facilitation

_____ occurs when people perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

social facilitation

Individual behavior is the focus of:

social psychology

A person in a group tends to exert more effort when she or he is individually accountable than when she or he is working with others toward a common goal. This is known as:

Social facilitation

Marcie is invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz-Carlton. She has never been served a 10-course meal before, so she is unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Since Marcie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Marcie is displaying _____ social influence.

informational

During a discussion, Dr. Mansfield argues that Asch's participants conformed to the confederates' responses because they wished to be correct about the lengths of the lines in the experiment. Dr. Roarch counters that the participants conformed because they simply sought the confederates' approval. Dr. Mansfield is suggesting that Asch's conformity is an example of _____ social influence. Dr. Roarch is suggesting instead that it reflects ____social influence.

informational; normative

In 1964, Kitty Genovese was brutally stabbed to death in front of her apartment building. Police reports showed that although more than 30 neighbors witnessed the event, no one helped or called the police. This incident reflects:

the bystander effect