Chapter 15- Temperature
Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of a)0 K. b)-273ºC c)Both of these. d)None of these.
c)Both of these.
Matter does not contain a)internal energy. b)heat. c)It contains both. d)It contains neither.
b)heat.
Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees? A- Celsius B- Fahrenheit C-Kelvin D- None of the above
B- Fahrenheit
Microscopic slush in water tends to make the water density a)more dense. b)less dense. c)slipperier. d)warmer.
b)less dense
When heat is added to a system, the temperature of the system a)rises. b)may or may not rise. c)falls. d)may or may not fall.
b)may or may not rise.
At absolute zero, a substance has a)absolutely no molecular motion. b)no more energy to give up. c)no volume. d)All of these.
b)no more energy to give up.
The thermal expansion of steel is about the same as for a)water. b)air. c)concrete. d)All of these.
c)concrete.
Water at 4ºC will sink to the bottom of a pond because a)it will not freeze there. b)it benefits fish and other life there. c)like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water. d)of the presence of microscopic ice crystals.
c)like a rock, it is denser than surrounding water.
Heat
The energy that flows from a substance of higher temperature to a substance of lower temperature, commonly measured in calories or joules.
What are the temperatures for freezing water and boiling water on the Kelvin temperature scale? A-0K for freezing water; 100K for boiling water B-273K for freezing water; 373K for boiling water C-32K for freezing water; 212K for boiling water
273K for freezing water; 373K for boiling water
Temperature
A measure of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in kelvins (K).
Which of these cites the lowest temperature? A- 273 K B-32°F C-270 K D-0° C
C-270 K
absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature that a substance may have—the temperature at which molecules of the substance have their minimum kinetic energy.
specific heat capacity
The quantity of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Celsius degree.
internal energy
The total of all molecular energies, kinetic plus potential, that are internal to a substance.
The specific heat capacity for aluminum is more than twice that of copper. If equal quantities of heat are given to equal masses of aluminum and copper, the metal that more rapidly increases in temperature is a)aluminum. b)copper. c)Actually both will increase at the same rate. d)None of these.
b)copper.
Internal energy is normally measured in units of a)calories. b)joules. c)Both of these. d)None of these.
c)Both of these.
The density of water at 4ºC will slightly decrease when it is a)cooled. b)warmed. c)Both. d)Neither.
c)Both.
Water at 4ºC will expand when it is slightly a)cooled. b)warmed. c)Both. d)Neither.
c)Both.
The high specific heat capacity of water has great importance in a)climates. b)cooling systems. c)ocean currents. d)All of these.
d)All of these.
To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water a)requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature. b)gives off a lot of energy in cooling. c)absorbs a lot of energy for a small increase in temperature. d)All of these.
d)All of these.
When a sample of 4°C water is cooled, it A.expands. B.contracts. C.remains unchanged. D.Not enough information.
A.expands.
When stringing telephone lines between poles in the summer, it is advisable to allow the lines to A.sag. B.be taut. C.be close to the ground. D.allow ample space for birds.
A.sag.
There is twice as much molecular kinetic energy in 2 liters of boiling water as in 1 liter of boiling water. Which will be the same for both? A.Temperature B.Thermal energy C.Both A and B. D.Neither A nor B.
A.Temperature
Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or land? A.Water B.Land C.Both of the above are the same. D.None of the above.
A.Water
Temperature is most closely related to molecular A- kinetic energy B- potential energy C- electrical energy D- mechanical energy in general
A- kinetic energy
Place a 1-kg block of iron at 40C into 1-kg of water at 20C and the final temperature of the two becomes A- less than 30 C B- at or about 30 C C- more than 30 C
A- less than 30 C
A substance with a high thermal inertia has a high A- specific heat capacity. B-temperature, in many cases. C-heat conductivity. D-energy content.
A- specific heat capacity.
The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates A- thermal equilibrium B- energy conservation C- the difference between heat and internal energy D- the fact that molecules are constantly moving
A- thermal equilibrium
Distinguish between a calorie and a Calorie. A-A Calorie is 1000 calories. B-A Calorie is measured by burning food, whereas a calorie is measured by digesting food C-A calorie is 1000 Calories D-A Calorie is a unit of temperature, whereas a calorie is a unit of energy.
A-A Calorie is 1000 calories.
When water at 4°C is heated it expands. If it is instead cooled it will A-also expand. B-contracts. D-neither contracts nor expands.
A-also expand.
When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is A-copper expands more than iron. B-copper gets hotter before iron. C-iron expands more than copper. D-iron gets hotter before copper. E-none of the above
A-copper expands more than iron.
When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal A-expansion. B-bending. C-heat. D-contraction.
A-expansion.
When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows A-from your finger to the ice. B-from the ice to your finger. C-actually, both ways.
A-from your finger to the ice.
A substance that heats up relatively slowly has A-high specific heat capacity B- low specific heat capacity C- either of these D-neither of these
A-high specific heat capacity
Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has A-higher temperature, but less internal energy. B-a greater specific heat and more internal energy. C-more internal energy and higher temperature. D-none of the above
A-higher temperature, but less internal energy.
If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would fall when the temperature A-increases. B- decreases. C- neither of these
A-increases.
Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is A-iron. B-aluminum. C-need more information
A-iron.
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a A-low specific heat B-high specific heat C-high conductivity D-low conductivity.
A-low specific heat
Pour a liter of water at 40 C into a liter of 20 C and the finaI temperature of the two becomes A- less than 30 C B- at or about 30 C C- more than 30 C
B- at or about 30 C
Internal energy is greater in a A- boiling-hot tea in a cup B- boiling-hot tea in a fire-engine pail C- both the same
B- boiling-hot tea in a fire-engine pail
It is important that the two metals that compose a bimetallic strip have A- different conductivities B- different rates of expansion C- equal thicknesses
B- different rates of expansion
When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows A- from your finger to the potato B- from the potato to your finger C- actually, both ways
B- from the potato to your finger
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a A- high specific heat capacity B- low specific heat capacity C- either of these D- neither of these
B- low specific heat capacity
The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, at this moment is A-above 4°C. B-4°C. C-below 4°C. D-uncertain.
B-4°C.
Suppose that you cut a small gap in a metal ring. If you were to heat the ring, would the gap become wider or narrower? A- The gap will become narrower. B-The gap will become wider C-The gap will stay the same.
B-The gap will become wider
Which is greater-an increase in temperature of 1 Celsius degree or an increase of 1 Fahrenheit degree? A-an increase of 1 °F is larger B-an increase of 1 °C is larger C- the same
B-an increase of 1 °C is larger
Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes A-less than 30°C. B-at or about 30°C. C-more than 30°C.
B-at or about 30°C.
A substance that heats up relatively slowly has a A-low specific heat capacity. B-high specific heat capacity. C-either of these D-neither of these
B-high specific heat capacity.
If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly increased, its volume A-decreases. B-increases. C-remains the same.
B-increases.
When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is A-copper gets hotter before iron. B-copper expands more than iron. C-iron expands more than copper. D-iron gets hotter before copper. E- none of these
B-iron gets hotter before copper.
Ice has a lower density than water because ice A-density decreases with decreasing temperature. B-is composed of open-structured crystals. C-molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules. D-molecules are more compact in the solid state.
B-is composed of open-structured crystals.
Temperature is most closely related to molecular A-mechanical energy in general. B-kinetic energy. C-electrical energy. D-potential energy
B-kinetic energy.
When we enlarge a photograph of an iron ring, the image of the hole becomes A-neither smaller nor larger. B-larger. C-smaller.
B-larger.
Which generally expands more for an equal increase in temperature - solids or liquids? A- solids B-liquids
B-liquids
Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity? A- high specific heat capacity B-low specific heat capacity
B-low specific heat capacity
Suppose that we replace the aluminum with a mystery metal and repeat the experiment in the video. As in the video, the mass of the metal is the same as that of the water. Room temperature is about 20∘C before the start of the experiment. The water heats up to 40∘C, and the mystery metal heats up to 80∘C. Compared to that of water, the heat capacity of our mystery metal is A- two times greater. B-one-third as great. C-half as great. D-three times greater. E- the same
B-one-third as great.
The specific heat capacity is highest for substances that absorb or release large quantities of heat for correspondingly A-small or large changes in temperature. B-small temperature changes. C-large temperature changes. D-none of the above
B-small temperature changes.
Heat energy travels from an object with a high A-internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy B-temperature to an object with a lower temperature C-Both of these, for they say essentially say the same thing D-None of the above choices are true.
B-temperature to an object with a lower temperature
You heat a half-cup of tea and its temperature rises by 4°C. How much will the temperature rise if you add the same amount of heat to a full cup of tea? A.0°C B.2°C C.4°C D.8°C
B.2°C
When a sample of 0°C water is heated, it first A.expands. B.contracts. C.remains unchanged. D.Not enough information.
B.contracts.
The same quantity of heat is added to different amounts of water in two equal-size containers. The temperature of the smaller amount of water A.decreases more. B.increases more. C.does not change. D.Not enough information.
B.increases more.
If a red-hot thumbtack is immersed in warm water, the direction of heat flow will be from the A.warm water to the red-hot thumbtack. B.red-hot thumbtack to the warm water. C.There will be no heat flow. D.Not enough information.
B.red-hot thumbtack to the warm water.
Heat is simply another word for A) temperature. B) thermal energy. C) thermal energy that flows from hot to cold. D) radiant energy.
C) thermal energy that flows from hot to cold.
In which is temperature greater? A- boiling-hot tea in a cup B- boiling-hot tea in a fire-engine pail C- both the same
C- both the same
Pour two liters of water at 40C into one liter of water at 20 C and the final temperature of the two becomes A- less than 30 C B- at or about 30 C C- more than 30 C
C- more than 30 C
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is _______. A-1 joule B-1 joule or 1 calorie, as both are the same C-1 calorie D- 1 newton
C-1 calorie
How does the specific heat capacity of water compare with the specific heat capacities of other common materials? A-Water has a specific heat capacity of 1 calorie per Celsius degree per gram, whereas common materials have a heat capacity of 2 calories per Celsius degree per gram. B-Water and most common materials have the same specific heat capacity C-Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most common materials. D-Water has a lower specific heat capacity than most common materials.
C-Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most common materials.
If you measure the distance between two telephone poles with a steel tape on a very hot day, your measured distance will be A-the same as on an average-temperature day. B-a bit long. C-a bit short.
C-a bit short.
If a certain material heats up quickly and cools down quickly, the material has _______. A- a high specific heat B-something besides specific heat that is different C-a low specific heat D-no specific heat to speak of
C-a low specific heat
It is important that the two metals that compose a bimetallic strip have A-equal thicknesses. B-different conductivities. C-different rates of expansion. D-all of the above E-none of the above
C-different rates of expansion.
If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly lowered, its volume A-decreases. B-remains the same. C-increases.
C-increases.
The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that the specific heat capacity of sand is relatively A-high. B-practically absent. C-low.
C-low.
If the specific heat of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be A-neither more nor less likely to freeze. B-less likely to freeze. C-more likely to freeze.
C-more likely to freeze.
If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a watermelon in a picnic cooler would cool in a A-longer time. B-the same time anyway. C-shorter time.
C-shorter time.
Which defines temperature - translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, vibrational kinetic energy, or all of these? A-vibrational kinetic energy B-rotational kinetic energy C-translational kinetic energy D-all of the above
C-translational kinetic energy
To say that body A has a higher temperature than body B is to say that body A has more A.internal energy. B.mass. C.kinetic energy per particle. D.potential energy.
C.kinetic energy per particle.
Does a hot object contain internal energy or does it contain heat? A-Heat B-Both internal energy and heat C-Neither internal energy nor heat D-Internal energy
D-Internal energy
When the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the length of the strip _______. A-decreases in width as it gets longer B-decreases C-may increase or decrease D-also increases
D-also increases
When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes A-neither smaller nor larger. B-either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness. C-smaller. D-larger.
D-larger.
The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's A-high evaporation rate B-poor conductivity C-vast supply of internal energy. D-absorption of solar energy E-high specific heat.
E-high specific heat.
If you add the same quantity of heat to both a 1-L and a 2-L container of water, compared with the temperature change of water in the smaller container, the temperature change of water in the larger container will be a)half. b)more than half but less than twice. c)twice. d)none at all.
a)half.
The greatest expansion of water occurs when a)it turns to ice. b)at 4ºC when it gains temperature. c)at 4ºC when it loses temperature. d)None of these.
a)it turns to ice.
Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is a)less than that of plants. b)more than that of plants. c)likely the same as that of plants. d)Not enough information to answer.
a)less than that of plants.
Whether one object is warmer than another has most to do with a)molecular kinetic energy. b)molecular potential energy. c)heat flow. d)masses of internal particles.
a)molecular kinetic energy.
The fact that gasoline will overflow from an automobile tank on a hot day is evidence that the expansion of gasoline is a)more than the tank material. b)about the same as the tank material. c)less than the tank material. d)negligible.
a)more than the tank material.
The motion of molecules that most affects temperature is a)translational motion. b)rotational motion. c)internal vibrational motion. d)simple harmonic motion.
a)translational motion.