Chapter 15

Morrill Act

(1862) Federal law that gave land to western states to build agricultural and engineering colleges.

Gettysburg Address

(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human right a speech by Abraham Lincoln dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg on November 19, 1863

Per the textbook, what are the key factors that caused the Civil War

1. debate on slavery expansion westward, debate over whether new states would be slave or free 2. abolitionist movement 3. the formation of the liberty, free-soil and republican parties: expansions vs. property rights

According to the website African Americans in the Civil Ware, how effective were African American soldier fighting in the Union army

179,000 black men (10% of the Union Army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy. Nearly 40,000 black soldiers died over the course of the war—30,000 of infection or disease

Crittenden Compromise

1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans

Legal Tender Act of 1862

A currency backed only by the federal government's word. It allowed the government to print greenbacks and inflate the pool of available currency without having to have an equivalent amount of gold and silver. The greenback was popular among American farmers and debtors as it was cheaper to pay back loans with a cheaper currency.

Jefferson Davis

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

Why did some people oppose Lincoln's reelection in 1864

Citing the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, many saw him as a dictator, bent on grabbing power while senselessly and uncaringly drafting more young men into combat; they thought he was an untrustworthy and suspect leader

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

Fort Sumter

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War

First Battle of Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War also known as First Manassas

Vicksburg

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free;signed on January 1, 1863, the document with which President Lincoln transformed the Civil War into a struggle to end slavery

According to the 2 videos on Gettysburg, why did the battle occur, who won the battle and what were the results of the battle including the number of men killed and wounded in the battle

Picket's charge resulted in the loss of 6,000 men causalities or captured and the battle. The Confederate side lost the battle. 51000 men were lost; north 23000 causality 28000 south R.E. Lee aimed at the center of the union line. Robert E. Lee ordered his men to go to cemetary ridge (Picket's charge)

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war

What are key aspects of the Confederate military draft of 1862

all men between the ages of 18-35 would serve 3 years or they could hire substitues

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

contrabands

an escaped slave who joined the Union army during the Civil War ;slaves who escaped to the Union army's lines

According to the video on Sherman's March, what was Sherman's ultimate goal

go through the path to destroy everything in site in Georgia. 62000 men

Identify the various roles of women during the Civil War

in both North and South, women were forced to take over farms and businesses abandoned by their husbands as they left for ward. Ladies aid societies: sew uniforms, knit socks, and raise money to purchase necessities for the troops. took care of the wounded as nurses. In the North the US Sanitary Commission inspected military camps with the goal of improving cleanliness and reducing the number of solder who died from disease cooks, laundresses and cared for the six in response to Doorothea Dix Women also acted as spied and disguised as men, engaged in combat

What were the strengths for the Union during the Civil War?

larger population, continued immigration from Europe gave it greater manpower reserves to draw on, industrial capabilities and extensive railroad grid better to mobilize men and supplies; Farms in NE, Midatlantic and Old NW supplied food to troops; produced more war materials than south

Congress pay for the Civil War using these strategies

levied a tax on the income of the wealthy and inheritances high tariffs passed 2 National Bank Acts - callin on the US treasury to issue war bonds and on Union banks to buy the bonds

Corwin Amendment

no amendment shall be made to the constitution which will authorize or give congress the right to abolish with any state including slaves, Lincoln supports it, failed

Enrollment Act

required all unmarried men between the ages of 20 and 25 and all married men between the ages of 35-45 including immigrants who had filed for citizenship to register with the Union to fight in the civil War

Habeas Corpus

the right of those arrested to be brought before a judge or court to determine whether there is cause to hold the prisioner

What were the strengths for the Confederacy

they had the advantage of being able to wage a defensive war, rather than offensive - the war was fought in the south

Why did the Union and the Confederacy suspend habeas corpus during the war

they were concerned about the resistance to the unhappiness with the government measures of seizing slaves from their owners and forcing them to work on fortifications and rail lines

Substitute Hires

were allowed under the terms of the draft in the confederacy : mean could hire rather than serve in the army

What does the textbook mean by total war

which armies attempt to demoralize the enemy by both striking military targets and disrupting their opponent's ability to wage war through destruction of their resources (no distinction between military and civilians)