Chapter 15 Whats the Significance
Taki Onqoy
"dancing sickness" a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560's whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age.
Kaozheng
"research based on evidence" Chinese intellectual movement whose practioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially towards historical documents
Condorcet and the idea of Progress
(1743-1794) advocated liberal economy, free education, constitutionalism, equal rights for women/all races. Infinitesimals and calculus. Died mysteriously in prison during French Revolution. moving towards improvability.
Catholic Counter-Reformation
A European intellectual movement of the 18th century that took the principles of the Scientific Revolution and applied them to politics, government, and society. The Enlightenment rejected religion as the source of answers to human problems, opting instead for knowledge and intelligence to transform society.
European Enlightenment
A European intellectual movement of the 18th century that took the principles of the Scientific Revolution and applied them to politics, government, and society. The Enlightenment rejected religion as the source of answers to human problems, opting instead for knowledge and intelligence to transform society.
Voltaire
A French Enlightenment-era philosopher who questioned traditional values and attitudes in his work. His book, Treatise on Toleration, published in 1763, emphasized the fact that religious intolerance causes violence; therefore, church and state must be separated, and all people must enjoy freedom of religion.
Copernicus
A Polish scientist who lived between 1473-1543 and studied mathematics and astronomy. Nicolaus Copernicus determined that the Sun, not the Earth, is the center of the universe. He could not reveal his findings because the Catholic Church would try him as a heretic. Instead, he wrote a book, On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres, and directed in his will to have it published after his death.
Wahhabi Islam
Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia or Islamic law
Protestant Reformation
The massive shift in Christianity that began in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther, who believed that the Catholic Church was corrupt and needed to be reformed. The Protestant Reformation was a time of open defiance to church authorities and of endorsing the message of "salvation by faith alone."
Ursula de Jesus
A female slave, 1606-1666, who accompanied her mistress to the convent when the former became a nun. At the convent, Ursula remained a slave and was not especially religious. When she almost drowned in a well, she was convinced that she had been saved by a saint and devoted her life to religion. Eventually, she became a laywoman at her convent and often claimed to see visions and speak with the dead.
Newton
An English scientist who lived between 1643-1727. Using all of the new knowledge and discoveries of the Scientific Revolution, Isaac Newton formulated the laws of motion.
Mirabai
One of India's most beloved bhakti poets (1498-1547), She helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition.
Jesuits in China
Recorded the court life and successes of Qing government, Series of Jesuit missionaries in the late 16th and 17th centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of the Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elites, although with limited success.
Sikhism
The doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. Brotherhood of all humans and equality with men and women
Galileo
This scientist proved Copernicus' theory that the sun was the center of the solar system and developed the modern experimental method. Eventually suppressed by Catholic Church. Italian
