chapter 15,16,17

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

Diabetic coma is a life-threatening condition that results from:

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration.

Functions of the liver include:

production of substances necessary for blood clotting.

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

Drink a lot of alcohol

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

Peritonitis

Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery?

Sudden, severe headache

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

a confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

a ruptured cerebral artery.

In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:

can only be corrected in a hospital setting

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.

Insulin functions in the body by:

enabling glucose to enter the cells.

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

is significantly hyperglycemic

You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:

leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:

repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.

Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:

substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth. You should:

suction her oropharynx and apply 100% oxygen.

Insulin shock will MOST likely develop if a patient:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin.