Chapter 16
7. Subduction at convergent boundaries results in the formation of a
. deep-sea trench.
35. Which of the following is the BEST example of an organic coast?
. shallow coral reef
28. Sea level is currently rising at 3.2 mm/yr, and scientists predict that global warming could cause a rise in sea level of 7 m if left unabated. How long will it take the sea to rise 7 m at the current rate?
2,121 years
46. Which of the following is MOST true of beach nourishment as a solution to coastal erosion?
It is costly and may only provide a temporary solution.
24. What will eventually happen to the headlands in the figure below?
They will become a straight line of cliffs as rock is eroded away.
31. The entire state of Florida is composed of fossiliferous limestone (indicative of a coral reef environment). This implies that in the recent past, Florida was
a submergent coast.
39. A coast that grows seaward as a result of regular sedimentation is a(n)
accretionary coast.
11. The schematic shown below illustrates a(n)
active margin.
29. Many rocky coasts occur along active margins. This is because
active margins often experience repeated uplift, and thus the waves have not had sufficient time to erode the land surface down to sea level.
44. Structures—like jetties, groins, and breakwaters—that are designed to prevent beach erosion
are a temporary solution that decreases the rate of beach erosion.
2. Passive continental margins
are characterized by broad continental shelves.
3. Active continental margins
are characterized by narrow continental shelves.
1. The shape of the seafloor is called
bathymetry
19. Building a dam across a river can lead to __________ because sediment becomes trapped behind the dam.
beach erosion
42. Some beaches are maintained by artificially increasing the rate of sediment supply using a procedure known as
beach nourishment
17. Gently sloping fringes of sediment along the shore are known as
beaches.
36. A(n) __________ is a vegetated, flat-lying stretch of coast that floods at high tide, becomes particularly exposed at low tide, and does not feel the impact of strong waves.
coastal wetland
41. Swamps and marshes are examples of
coastal wetlands.
22. In the figure below, which direction is the longshore current?
east
23. In the figure below, which direction is the longshore drift?
east
38. A coastline characterized by steep-sided cliffs and associated with an active margin is likely to be
emergent.
25. When the sea level rises, an ocean may invade a river valley, producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity, which is termed a(n)
estuary
18. When sea level rises and floods a glacially carved valley, the area is called a(n)
fjord.
43. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in reef bleaching?
gradual sea level rise
16. The tide-generating force is a combination of the __________ and __________ .
gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun; centrifugal force caused by the revolution of the Earth-Moon system
14. The production of tides is NOT affected by Earth's
gravitational interaction with Mars.
37. A coral reef would MOST likely be found
in the shallow waters surrounding a volcanic tropical island.
30. Along beaches, groins have
increased erosion rates immediately down current from the groin.
9. Sea floor spreading is associated with
mid-ocean ridges
50. The width of the intertidal zone depends on the tidal
reach and the slope of the seafloor surface.
45. The process of reef bleaching occurs when
reefs lose their color and die in response to the warming of seawater.
20. Coastal landforms are constantly changing because the
sand is constantly moving.
34. Which of the following features is characteristic of a rocky coast?
sea stacks
33. The balance between sediment supplied and sediment removed on a beach is known as
sediment budget.
13. During a rising tide, the
shoreline moves inland.
15. The timing and magnitude of tides in a given location is LEAST likely to be influenced by the
size of the waves.
8. What is formed when layers of turbidites accumulate?
submarine fans
26. Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?
submergent
27. If sea level continues to rise and covers the city of Miami, the Florida coast will become a(n)
submergent coast.
48. The picture below shows the fjords of Norway. This is an example of a(n)
submergent coast.
47. Notice the newly constructed seawall in the illustration below. The MOST likely outcome of its construction is that the seawall will
temporarily protect the cliff from beach erosion.
21. Barrier islands are constantly moving in the direction of
the longshore drift.
49. The difference between sea level at high tide and low tide for a given location is known as
tidal reach.
12. The __________ is the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea level.
tide
32. In the photograph below, notice how the waves are approaching the shore at an angle to the shoreline. This is an example of
wave refraction.
5. The active continental margin is located at the
west coast of North America.
