Chapter 16

The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________.

64—72 days

________ is the process whereby gametes from each parent fuse to produce a new cell.

Fertilization

Which hormone is made by the interstitial cells of the testis?

Testosterone

A corpus luteum would be present ________.

after ovulation in a female

Oxytocin and prostaglandins are necessary to initiate the series of events that result in childbirth known as ________.

labor

The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid during ________.

erection

The stage of labor that involves the delivery of the infant is the ________.

expulsion stage

Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) important early in pregnancy?

hCG prods the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones.

Menopause, which ends childbirth ability, is considered to have occurred when a woman ________.

has gone a year without menstruation

Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called ________.

implantation

A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________.

zygote

What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have on males?

FSH stimulates sperm production in males.

Which of the following does not occur during puberty in a female?

Onset of menopause

How long are the typical ovarian and uterine (menstrual) cycles in a female?

28 days

What is the function of the milky-colored fluids secreted from the prostate?

Activate sperm

When a pregnant female experiences her "water breaking" during the dilation stage of labor, what has ruptured?

Amnion

Which of the following can be caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease?

Cervical cancer

On which day of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle does ovulation typically occur?

Day 14

Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum?

Endometrium

Which one of the following is not a component of semen?

Epididymal fluid

What hormone(s) stimulates the growth of the endometrium during the proliferative phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle?

Estrogens

What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on a female?

LH triggers ovulation in a female.

Where does milk accumulate within the breast in a lactating female?

Lactiferous sinus

A male's prostate was removed due to cancer. Evaluate the impact on a male's reproductive capabilities.

Less sperm will be activated.

Which of the following is true of the age-related effects on a male's reproductive system?

Males experience a longer latent period after orgasm as they age.

During childbirth, which layer of the uterus contracts to force the baby out of the mother's body?

Myometrium

Which hormone is primarily produced by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone

Days 5-14 of the uterine (menstrual) cycle are known as the ________ phase. This phase concludes with ovulation.

Proliferative

Which hormone causes pelvic ligaments and the pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible during pregnancy?

Relaxin

Which of the following cells could be fertilized?

Secondary oocyte

Which gland provides fructose, a sugar in semen that energizes sperm?

Seminal vesicles

A woman wants to have children who are conceived naturally. She has had repeated infections in both of her uterine (fallopian) tubes due to gonorrhea. As a result, both uterine tubes have been narrowed due to the presence of scar tissue. Interpret the impact of the scar tissue on her reproductive future.

She will have difficulty conceiving naturally since the usual site of fertilization is the uterine (fallopian) tube.

What does a vasectomy prevent from happening in a male?

Sperm from exiting the body in semen

Which of the following is the exocrine function of the testes?

Sperm production

What is the purpose of spermiogenesis?

Spermatids are streamlined to form sperm via spermiogenesis.

A drug has caused a man's sperm to be produced with multiple flagella. Assess the following and determine the process that was the likely cause for this abnormality.

Spermiogenesis

Which of the following characterizes the secretory phase of a female's uterine (menstrual) cycle?

The corpus luteum increases progesterone levels.

What part of the blastocyst forms the chorionic villi that become part of the placenta?

Trophoblast

What fluid-filled sac surrounds the fetus?

amnion

Approximately 280 days from the last menstrual period, parturition, or ________, will occur.

childbirth

The three stages of labor in the correct order are ________.

dilation, expulsion, placental

A difficult or prolonged stage 2 of labor is known as ________.

dystocia

The mixture of sperm with fluid from the seminal vesicles and prostate gland is called ________.

emission

The inner mucosal layer of the uterus that is sloughed off approximately every 28 days is called the ________.

endometrium

Ovulation occurs in response to the release of an anterior pituitary hormone known as ________ hormone.

luteinizing

The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely floating in the uterine cavity approximately three days after fertilization is called a ________.

morula

The primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis, which is found on the periphery of each seminiferous tubule, is called a ________.

spermatogonium

The placenta and its attached fetal membranes, expelled from the uterus during the placental stage of labor, are collectively referred to as ________.

the afterbirth

The placenta is usually functioning to deliver nutrients and oxygen to, and remove waste from, the embryonic blood by the ________ week of pregnancy.

third