Chapter 16 - America's Gilded Age, Chapter 17 - Freedom's boundaries 1890 - 1900

All of the following statements about Emilio Aguinaldo are true EXCEPT:

Aguinaldo believed that Filipinos could only govern themselves with U.S. assistance.

How did the Civil War come to be remembered by the 1890s as the white North and South moved toward reconciliation?

As a tragic family quarrel among white Americans, in which blacks played no significant part.

Which event marked the end of the Indian wars?

Battle of Wounded Knee.

Who migrated to Kansas during the Kansas Exodus?

Blacks.

The massive hunting of what animal hurt the Plains Indians?

Buffalo.

All of the following individuals wrote about the subject of America's poor EXCEPT:

Charles Darwin.

After the Civil War, which of the following became a symbol of a life of freedom on the open range?

Cowboys.

Which was NOT part of the Populist platform?

Higher tariffs.

Which of the following stated that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States?

Insular Cases.

Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?

It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.

Which statement about the People's Party is FALSE?

It emerged as an urban, middle-class vehicle for social, economic, and political reform.

What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?

It helped southern whites cope with defeat but preserve white supremacy.

An example of what the economist and social historian Thorstein Veblen meant by "conspicuous consumption" is:

Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball.

What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?

Nothing at all.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the reasons for the tripling of railroad track miles in the United States between 1860 and 1890?

Private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments spurred the building.

Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South?

Public schools.

What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?

Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace.

Which of the following properly assesses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?

The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.

Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?

The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.

Which statement about the disenfranchisement of blacks in the South is FALSE?

The Supreme Court upheld the grandfather clause.

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?

The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?

The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?

To civilize the Indians, making them "American" as whites defined the term.

How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?

To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.

The first billion-dollar enterprise corporation was:

U.S. Steel.

Who insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization of wealth and power and that unbridled competition mocked the Christian ideal of brotherhood?

Walter Rauschenbusch.

Which statement about the South after 1890 is FALSE?

Whites feared that northerners and the federal government would abolish the Jim Crow laws.

Which statement about the 1896 election is FALSE?

William Jennings Bryan lost because he supported the gold standard.

Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?

Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.

For workers, the second industrial revolution meant all of the following EXCEPT:

a decrease in child labor.

Elk v. Wilkins (1884):

agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.

The American Federation of Labor's founder Samuel Gompers used the idea of "freedom of contract" to:

argue against interference by judges with workers' right to organize unions.

Republican presidential candidate William McKinley:

argued in favor of the gold standard.

In the 1890s, the National American Woman Suffrage Association:

argued that native-born white women's votes would counteract the "ignorant foreign vote."

The Platt Amendment:

authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.

Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League:

believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.

The Spanish-American War:

brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:

built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.

The Social Gospel:

called for an equalization of wealth and power.

The Populist platform:

called for public ownership of railroads.

The new immigrants:

came from southern and eastern Europe.

In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:

class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.

The 1894 Pullman Strike:

collapsed when union leaders were jailed.

The "white man's burden":

comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling.

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

created a merit system for government workers.

The Dawes Act of 1887:

divided tribal lands into parcels of land for Indian families.

The impact of the second industrial revolution on the trans-Mississippi West was:

dramatic as an agricultural empire grew.

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:

encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.

The Grange was an organization that:

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output.

The People's Party:

evolved out of the Farmers' Alliance.

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:

focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.

One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:

frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

During the "Age of Empire," American racial attitudes:

had a global impact.

In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court:

held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War.

In the South, the Redeemers:

imposed a new racial order.

The Plains Indians:

included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.

Thomas Edison:

invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.

The election of 1896:

is sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign.

One of the reasons that the Great Strike of 1877 was important is that:

it underscored the tensions produced by the rapid industrialization of the time.

The severe depression of 1893:

led to increased conflict between capitol and labor.

The American working class:

lived in desperate conditions.

All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

low tariffs

The economic development of the American West was based on:

lumber, mining industries, tourism, and farming.

The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):

moved from demanding prohibition to pushing for women's suffrage.

Republican economic policies strongly favored:

northern industrialists.

The Indian victory at Little Bighorn:

only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.

All of the following were used by southern whites to maintain domination over blacks EXCEPT:

outlawing the use of black female domestic workers in white homes

Henry George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with:

ownership of land.

William M. Tweed was a(n):

political boss who, although corrupt, provided important services to New Yorkers.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:

prohibited any Chinese from entering the United States.

The New South as promoted by Henry Grady:

promised prosperity based on industrial expansion.

Between 1890 and 1906, southern state governments and white Southerners eliminated black voting using all of the following EXCEPT:

racial tests.

The __________ made possible the second industrial revolution in America.

railroads

William Jennings Bryan:

ran for president in 1896 on the free silver platform.

The silver issue:

refers to the fight to increase the money supply by minting silver money.

The Populists:

relied on women orators such as Mary Elizabeth Lease.

Founded in 1886, the American Federation of Labor:

restricted membership to only skilled workers.

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court:

ruled that "separate but equal" accommodations were constitutional.

Plessy v. Ferguson:

sanctioned racial segregation.

Henry George offered a(n) __________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.

single tax

The Dawes Act of 1887:

sought to break up the tribal system.

The Farmers' Alliance:

sought to improve conditions through cooperatives.

Twenty years after the end of Reconstruction, African-Americans in the South:

suffered the most from the region's poor conditions.

During the second industrial revolution, the courts:

tended to favor the interests of industry over those of labor.

The Supreme Court decision United States v. Wong Kim Ark ruled that:

the Fourteenth Amendment gave Asians born in the United States citizenship.

President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on all of the following grounds EXCEPT:

the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an independent democracy.

The Teller Amendment stated that:

the United States would not annex Cuba.

The second industrial revolution was marked by:

the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.

Farmers believed that their plight derived from all of the following EXCEPT:

the free and unlimited coinage of silver.

In 1900, most of the nearly 5 million women who worked for wages worked in:

the garment industry and as domestic laborers.

In his speech "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:

the growing gap between the rich and poor.

In 1883, __________ divided the nation into the four time zones still used today.

the major railroad companies

The theory of Social Darwinism argued that:

the theory of evolution applied to humans, thus explaining why some were rich and some were poor.

Bonanza farms:

typically had thousands of acres of land or more.

The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:

voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.

Chief Joseph:

wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé.

The Greenback-Labor Party:

wanted the federal government to stop taking money out of circulation.

The Immigration Restriction League:

wanted to bar immigrants who were illiterate.

American territorial expansionism:

was a feature of American life since well before independence.

The Ghost Dance:

was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.

At the end of the nineteenth century, lynching:

was an act of violence directed mostly at black men.

The Knights of Labor:

was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877:

was evidence of worker solidarity and the close ties between industry and the Republican Party.

The Philippine War:

was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.

In 1899, President William McKinley explained in an interview with Methodist Church leaders that his decision to annex the Philippines:

was in part based on his desire to educate and uplift the Filipinos.

After the 1890s, American expansionism:

was partly fueled by the need to stimulate American exports.

The Haymarket Affair:

was provoked by the 1886 bombing at a Chicago labor rally.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:

was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.

In the nineteenth century, pools, trusts, and mergers were:

ways that manufacturers sought to control the marketplace.

Elections during the Gilded Age:

were closely contested affairs.

By the end of the nineteenth century, African-American men in the South:

were forced out of politics and passed leadership to female African-American activists.

Crédit Mobiler and the Whiskey Ring:

were indicative of the corruption in the Grant administration.

The over 150 utopian and cataclysmic novels published during the last quarter of the nineteenth century:

were inspired by the growing fear of class warfare.

Americans have referred to the 1890s as the women's era because:

women's economic opportunities and roles in public life expanded.

By 1890, the majority of Americans:

worked for wages.

Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called:

yellow journalists.