chapter 16 & 17 study guide (physical science)
what state of matter are most metals at room temperature?
solid
how is the periodic table arranged?
increasing atomic number
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
why is hydrogen different from the rest of group 1?
it's a gas
atomic numbers 58-71: cerium, europium
lanthanides
what side of the periodic table are metals on?
left
vertical row on the periodic table
group
GROUP 17: flourine, chlorine, bromine
halogens
atomic numbers 90-103: thorium, uranium
actinides
GROUP 1: lithium, sodium, potassium
alkali
GROUP 2: beryllium, magnesium, calcium
alkaline earth
different molecular structures of the same element
allotropes
where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
along the stair-step line
what is above the element symbol on the periodic table?
atomic number
what atomic model is the one we use today?
bohr
GROUP 13: boron, aluminum, gallium
boron
GROUP 14: carbon, silicon, lead
carbon
what atomic model thought that atoms are tiny, uncuttable, solid particles that are surrounded by empty space and constantly moving at random?
democritus
what are two allotropes of carbon?
diamond and graphite
able to be drawn into thin wires
ductile
what state of matter are most non-metals at room temp?
gases
able to be hammered or rolled into sheets
malleable
what is below the element symbol on the periodic table?
mass number
electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions
metallic bonding
possessing both properties of metals and nonmetals
metalloid
naturally made, found in//on earth
natural occurring elements
what is the charge of an electron?
negative
what is the charge of a neutron?
neutral//no charge
GROUP 15: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic
nitrogen
GROUP 18: helium, neon, argon
noble gases
why are elements in group 18 stable//unreactive
outer valence level is completely full
GROUP 16: oxygen, sulfur, selenium
oxygen
horizontal row on the periodic table
period
what is the charge of a proton?
positive
what are protons and neutrons made out of?
quarks
what side of the periodic table are non-metals found?
right
what atomic model thought that an atom is mostly empty space, with electrons orbiting a fixed, positively charged nucleus in set, predictable paths?
rutherford
elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions
semiconductor
name two elements used to make semiconductors
silicon and germanium
manmade, created in labs, can be useful when they deteriorate
synthetic elements
what was the first synthetic element made (in 1973)?
technetium
what atomic model thought that atoms are uniform spheres of positively charged matter in which electrons are embedded? (popularly known as the plum pudding model)
thomson
GROUP 3-12: iron, titanium, nickel
transition
atomic numbers greater than 92
transuranium
