Chapter 16/17 US history study guide
What was the purpose of the Double V campaign?
During WW2 African Americans newspapers wrote of a Double V campaign to inspire African Americans to fight for their country and for their freedom. The Double V= double victory
Who was the supreme commander of U.S. forces in Europe
Dwight D Eisenhower
What were the 2 main reasons Truman gave for deciding to use the atomic bomb?
End the war and save American lives
How did FDR feel about joining the war?
FDR wanted to help the allies and join the war but had to appease the US citizens that wanted to remain neutral
Who were the "Big Three" that met at Yalta & what was the purpose of the Yalta conference?
FDR(US), Churchill(Britain), and Stalin (USSR)- all allied leaders met at Yalta in the Soviet Union. These 3 met to discuss the fate of Germany and post world war. At the end of the negotiations, there would be a temporary division into Germany of four zones. One each for the US, the British, the Soviet Union, and the French. Stalin promised "free and unfettered elections" in Poland and other Soviet- occupied Eastern European countries. Stalin also agreed to join in the war against Japan.
What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease act and how did the U.S. use it?
It was a policy allowing the president (FDR) to provide firearms to certain foreign countries (our allies). U.S. would use it to try to remain neutral but also to justify our leasing of firearms to our allies. FDR wanted to help our allies but did not have approval to join war, so this is how he was able to support our allies
What was the Manhattan project?
Plan to development of the atomic bomb
What were the Nuremberg Trials?
Trials of Nazi leaders for war crimes
What forced US to enter into WW2?
The Japan bombing of the Pearl Harbor
What factors led to a Soviet victory at the battle of Stalingrad?
A brutal winter, massive soviet counterattack, and Hitlers refusal to order a German retreat
The US decision to provide "all aid short of war" to allies came at what point during the war?
Germany had taken over much of Europe and was bombing Great Britain around the clock
What 2 actions did the US want to take prior to 1937, when dictators in Germany, Italy, and Japan were coming to power?
Remain isolated and ban firearms sales to nations at war
What was the WAAC?
Women's army auxiliary corps
Who were the Tuskegee airmen and what role did they play in WW2?
African American pilots that trained at Tuskegee institute in Alabama and fought overseas in the air force
What was the Bracero program and how did the US government use it?
An attempt to solve the laborer shortages in the US with men leaving for war. The US government approved the importation of workers (braceros) from Mexico to work in the Ag fields in California and to work on the railroads. The braceros/workers would sign a contract to come and work for a set time period and then would voluntarily leave back to Mexico after fulfillment of their contract. However, most braceros would stay illegally and eventually would be rounded up by the US government and deported
What was significant about D-Day
Code name for allies invasion of Nazi occupied Europe
How did WW2 affect the job industry?
Created a labor shortage. There were more jobs than there were workers because of men volunteering or being drafted for the war. Also factories converted from a peacetime industry to a wartime industry and worker 24hrs a day
What was Germany's main goal in the Battle of the Atlantic?
Cut off all supplies(food and war items) from reaching allies (Great Britain and soviets) by controlling the Atlantic Ocean with their U-boats (submarines)
What were 3 examples of racial tensions in the US during WW2?
Detroit race riots, zoot-suit riots in Los Angeles, and Japanese internment camps
What were 3 provisions of the neutrality acts of 1935?
First 2 acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations engaged in civil wars
Who was the commander of the allied forces in the Philippines?
General Douglas McArthur
Who led the third army into Paris to free them from Nazi occupation?
General George Patton
What were the "rattlesnakes of the Atlantic" as described by FDR?
German U-boats
How were Britain and France drawn into WW2 with Germany?
Germany had attacked Poland due to its lack of natural boarders and was beginning to conquer Europe moving closer and closer to France and Britain whom were allies
What is appeasement and what did Britain and France do with it?
Giving into aggressors demands to try and avoid conflict. Britain and France gave into hitlers demands to avoid going into war.
Where did the US finally decide to use the atomic bomb?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
What was the cash and carry policy and why did the US implement it?
In 1939, FDR persuaded Congress to pass a "cash and carry" policy which was provision that allowed warning nations to buy US arms as long as they paid cash and transported the arms in their own ships. The US implemented this policy to support our allies without directly getting involved with the war.
What is the significance about the battle of midway?
Japan was defeated here after its plans of attack were intercepted
What are Nisei and what were they subjected to during WW2?
Japanese Americans(Japanese born in the US) and they were subjected to being placed in internment camps after the bombing of Pearl Harbor and fear in the US that all Japanese were plotting to attack the US
What was the GI Bill of Rights?
Made it possible for veterans to attend college for free after returning from war. This was important because they left jobs for war and had been replaced by other workers. Now they would come home, need to find a job, or go to college to find a new job
Since women were not allowed to serve in combat positions in WW2, what roles did the WAAC allow women to serve in to help their country during the war?
Nurses and radio operators
What was the OPA and what was it designed to do?
Office of price administration designed to solve the problem of inflation
What was the executive order 9066 and why did FDR believe it necessary to issue?
Order issued by FDR to create military zones and to place Japanese into internment camps as a measure of national security after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. FDR believes it's necessary for national security and because of growing anti-Japanese sentiment in the US
What 2 medicines were used to reduce deaths, deformities, loss of limbs?
Penicillin and Quinine
How did rationing help the war effort?
Rationing fired allotments of goods deemed essential for the military. The OPA set up rationing to save and converse materials needed for the war effort. This taught Americans to be frugal and inspired their nationalistic pride to help the allies win the war
What was the Treaty of Versailles and how did Hitler view it?
Sanction imposed upon Germany after WW1 to limit their military, force them to pay reparations, and to take full responsibility for WW1. Hitler hated the treated and was outraged by it
What did the U.S. government do to combat inflation during WW2?
Sold war bonds, imposed wage and price controls, raised and extended the income tax
Which nations signed a nonaggression pact with Germany that would lead to an invasion and division of Poland?
Soviet Union
What was the purpose of the war production board (WPB)?
The WPB decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production and allocated raw materials to key industries. The WPB also organizes nationwide drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking fat for recycling into war goods. It also rationed fuel and other materials vital to the war effort such as (gas,heating oil, metals, rubber, and plastics)
WW2 had many technological advancements in weaponry, what weapons changed the world the most after the war?
The atomic bomb
During WW2, what was the military's attitude toward minorities fighting in the war?
The military was segregated and for the most part, prohibited minorities from serving in combat positions
What did the US do to Japan after they surrendered at the end of WW2?
They occupied it and tried to help establish a constitution and a democratic government like the US has (similar to what is currently going on in Iraq and Afghanistan)
How did the assistance the U.S. provided to its European allies end up helping the U.S. economy after the war?
This allowed the US to gain access to European markets and raw materials after the war. Europe would have to begin rebuilding itself after suffering heavy casualties and heavily damaged infrastructure. Europe relied on the strong US economy and the fact that the US suffered little to no damage of their territory
What was V-E Day and when did it occur?
Victory in Europe day, May 8, 1945= te day Germany would surrender and the allies would win the war in Europe
Once the US entered the war, where did the allies focus their efforts on winning the war?
Western Europe
How did the double standard affect women workers during WW2?
Women were paid much less then men for doing the same jobs
What was the significance of the Battle of the Bulge?
it marked the Last German offensive