Chapter 17-18

Mark Twain

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

How can we best characterize changes in the lives of middle-class American children in the last decades of the 19th century?

A high school education became more common

Who best represented the American notion that through hard work, even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?

Andrew Carnegie

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in 19th-century California by doing what?

Barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882

The urban revivalism of what celebrity preacher represented the early 20th fundamentalism movement?

Billy Sunday

Realism and modernism had which of the following characteristics in common?

Both forms emphasized virility and masculinity

The development of print advertising illustrates the significance of which late-19th-century phenomenon?

Business creating demand for brand names

Which sport was the most controversial in the late 1800s?

College football

Why did so few African American men hold factory jobs in the United States in 1890?

Factory owners found that they could satisfy most of their labor needs with immigrant workers, so they rejected most black applicants

How can we best characterize family life in the late 1800s?

Family size continued its steady decline because middle-class children in cities were not needed for work

Sierra Club

Founded by, John Muir to preserve the environment

What factors were the critical determinants or workers' occupational opportunities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

Gender and race

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Government troops helped put down both strikes

How can we best summarize Booker T. Washington's approach to racial change in the United States?

He promoted industrial education for blacks as a strategy for lessening white prejudice

What did the term petticoat rule mean when it was used by anti suffragists in the early 20th century?

If granted the right to vote, women might cancel husband's votes

Elizabeth Cady Stanton's speech to Congress in 1892 on the "solitude of self" referred to what?

Importance of women's autonomy in modern society

In the late 19th century, the American Catholic hierarchy was dominated by what group?

Irish Americans

How can we best describe the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in the late 19th century?

It supported woman suffrage as a tool that could challenge the liquor interest

Please characterize urban leisure in post-Civil War America.

Leisure became a commercial commodity enjoyed outside the home

In the late 19th century, Social Darwinists, such as William Graham Sumner, believed that...?

Millionaires were the fittest Americans

Why has the labor movement always been relatively weak in American politics?

Most industrial workers live in urban areas and cities, which are underrepresented in Congress

Which late-19th-century U.S. Supreme Court rulings settled the question of African Americans access to regular first-class seats on American railroad cars until the 1950s?

Plessy v. Ferguson

State Granger laws were designed primarily to do what?

Regulate big business

As the United States industrialized, the outdoors lost its association with danger and hard work and became newly associated with...?

Renewal

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to what concept?

Scientific management

What were some of the consequences of mass production?

Skilled workers gradually lost their autonomy

New immigration patterns in the early 20th century reflected growing emigrations from where?

Southern and Eastern Europe

Protestant churches that espoused the Social Gospel...?

Taught that Christians should fight for social justice and the public welfare

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of what?

The Bessemer process

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Granger laws in Wabash v. Illinois (1886) had what outcomes?

The creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

After the Civil War, Republican economic policies led to what result?

The dominance of large corporations

What were some of the reasons why American businesses embraced baseball in the late 19th century?

The game was a wholesome way to promote discipline and teamwork

Why was the Haymarket Incident of 1886 significant?

The incident led to the downfall of the Knights of Labor

The Gibson Girl of the 1890s personified which of the following female images?

The middle-class "new woman"- public spirited and athletic

What did Andrew Carnegie, Gustavus Swift, and John D. Rockefeller have in common?

They succeeded through vertical integration

Which arguments did Andrew Carnegie make in his famous 1889 essay "Wealth" (late called "The Gospel of Wealth")?

Though industrialization increased the gap between rich and poor, everyone's standard of living rose

What was the purpose of Hatch Act, passed by Congress and President Grover Cleveland in 1887?

To provide federal funding for agricultural research and education

Collective bargaining

Union negotiates with the employer for all the employees

As American industry expanded in the late 19th century, its energy source shifted from what to what?

Water to coal

Which region of the United States had responded to the Women's voting rights movement by 1900?

West