Chapter 17

Meltrop Corp. employs two store clerks, Sam and Stella. Stella sues Meltrop claiming unequal pay as she earns $500 a week less than Sam does despite doing the same work as Sam. Which of the following is most likely to be the result of the litigation?

Meltrop will lose the litigation as it has committed valuation discrimination.

_____ has produced more comparable-worth pay increases than any other approach.

Collective bargaining

In which of the following types of cases is the focus on the discriminatory consequences rather than the intent to discriminate?

Disparate impact

_____ prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Executive Order 11246

All employees are covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and its amendments without exemptions.

False

Disparate treatment occurs when a seemingly neutral employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities.

False

The gender wage gap is moderate for recent college graduates and decreases as the cohort ages.

False

Under the _____, employers can be liable for current pay differences that are a result of discrimination that occurred many years earlier.

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

The _____ specifies the number of breaks that must be provided in an eight-hour workday.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration legislation

_____ is defined by the Department of Labor as the experience, training, education, and ability as measured by the performance requirements of a particular job.

Skill

Which of the following regarding child labor is NOT true?

The ILO finds that child labor is increasing on a global basis.

A government-defined prevailing wage is the minimum wage that must be paid for work done on covered government projects or purchases.

True

As the lowest rates paid in the software, chemical, oil, and pharmaceutical industries are already well above minimum, any legislation to increase minimum wage would have little direct impact on them.

True

In the Schultz v. Wheaton Glass case, the Supreme Court ruled that for jobs to receive equal pay, they do not have to be identical but substantially equal.

True

Legislation does not always achieve what it intends nor intend what it achieves.

True

Of the four affirmative defenses for unequal pay for equal work, "a factor other than sex" has prompted the most court cases.

True

Pay differences for equal work may be justified for demonstrably business-related reasons.

True

The Mental Health Act of 1997 requires that mental illness be covered to the same extent that other medical conditions are covered.

True

The key to a comparable-worth system is a single job evaluation plan for jobs with dissimilar content.

True

The _____ Act extends the prevailing-wage concept to manufacturers or suppliers of goods for government contracts.

Walsh-Healey Public Contracts

Regarding pay differences for different jobs, _____.

courts continue to uphold the use of market data to justify differences

The executive branch of the federal government _____.

enforces laws through agencies and its other bodies

The determination of pay discrimination on jobs of dissimilar content requires a standard that allows jobs of dissimilar content to be declared comparable and that allows pay differences for jobs that are not comparable. This standard is _____.

job evaluation

The ADEA _____.

was amended in 1990 to include the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act

Prevailing-wage laws _____.

were passed in response to conditions on projects such as the construction of the Hoover Dam during the Depression

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in establishing a comparable-worth pay plan?

Base the wage-to-job evaluation point ratio on the wages paid for female-dominated jobs.

Which of the following groups can qualify for the exemptions under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?

Computer employees

The highest rates of child labor are in _____.

sub-Saharan Africa

The Davis-Bacon Act _____.

requires that mechanics and laborers on public construction projects be paid the prevailing wage in an area

An early study of the effects of the living wage law in Los Angeles found all of the following EXCEPT that _____.

a higher proportion of new hires were female

The Worker Economic Opportunity Act _____.

states that income from most stock plans need not be included in calculating overtime pay