Chapter 17 Hdfs

Oldest-old adults require the most support and are over the age of ______.

85

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Alzheimer's disease

Which can serve as a protective factor in developing Parkinson's disease?

physical activity

Age-related changes in the ______ are particularly noticeable.

prefrontal cortex

Kara is a bilingual adult who is experiencing difficulty learning a third language. Kara's challenges are most likely due to ______.

proactive interference

______ occurs when previously remembered information obstructs the memory of new information.

proactive interference

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Malnutrition in older adults is associated with which of the following?

age related declines in taste medication depression

In women, osteoporosis is typically caused by age-related declines in ______.

estrogen

______ is a chronic illness that is not related to age or levels of physical activity.

Rheumatoid arthritis

______ is a crucial factor of older adults' mobility.

balance

With ______, individuals experience problems with attention and reasoning, but these symptoms are temporary and can be cured.

delirium

While age-related declines for remembering visual information are common, working memory for ______ is typically ______.

emotion; unaffected

Centenarians are becoming less common than before.

false

Research suggests that age-related memory loss is less apparent in ______.

familiar settings

With age, the heart becomes less responsive to signals that prompt contraction. This is due to the ______.

loss of pacemaker cell

- a substantial loss of cells in the center area of the retina that leads to central vision loss -a clouding of the lens that can lead to blindness - cell losses in the inner ear and cortex that leads to hearing loss

macular degeneration cataracts presbycusis

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Physical activity can improve which cognitive functions?

memory processing speed stress relief

Cognitive reserve allows for which of the following?

mental adaptability

Wisdom primarily requires ______.

metacognition

Gary was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. What are the earliest symptoms Gary is most likely to experience?

moderate absentmindedness and inattention

Why is it difficult to diagnose Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?

no test can confirm the presence of the disease

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which characteristics are risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease?

obesity Down syndrome

Which is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and arthritis?

omega-3

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which are risk factors for osteoporosis in men?

sedentary lifestyle advanced age

Which type of memory shows the least declines with age?

semantic memory

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which functions are required to walk?

sensory neurological muscular

If an adult ______ throughout most of her life, then she will have greater mobility in older adulthood.

stayed physically active

Whereas individuals with vascular dementia exhibit a ______ loss of mental ability, individuals with Alzheimer's disease experience a ______ decline.

sudden but mild; slow and steady

Why might older adults feel less motivated to participate in tests of working memory?

these test usually take place in school setting which older adults are less familiar with

Olfactory loss for some individuals could denote declining health.

true

Healthy adults of all ages are able to exert control over ______ once information is programmed into it.

working memory