Chapter 17 Multiple Choice Questions

In the olfactory pathway, axons of the mitral cells form the _________. The axons project to the _________. a) olfactory tract; thalamus and cerebral cortex b) olfactory tract; cerebral cortex and limbic system c) olfactory bulbs; thalamus and cerebral cortex d) olfactory bulbs; temporal lobe and cerebral cortex e) glomeruli; cerebral cortex and limbic system.

b) olfactory tract; cerebral cortex and limbic system

How many days after fertilization do the eyes begin to develop? a) 5 b) 150 c) 10 d) 22 e) 55

d) 22

Opsin looks colorless when trans-retinal is separated from opsin. This is termed a) isomerization b) conversion c) regeneration d) bleaching e) transition

d) bleaching

After staying up all night to study, your eyes are bloodshot. The vasculature in what area is congested and dilated? a) cornea b) lacrimal puncta c) palpebral conjunctiva d) bulbar conjunctiva e) retina

d) bulbar conjunctiva

Place the events of sound transduction in order. 1. Exocytosis of neurotransmitters occurs 2. Mechanically-gated channels fully open allowing K+ to enter 3. Calcium voltage-gated channels open 4. stereocilia of hair cells bend 5. Higher frequency of action potentials in first-order neurons 6. Cations entering cause depolarization a) 5, 1, 3, 2, 6, 4 b) 2, 6, 3, 4, 1, 5 c) 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5 d) 6, 4, 2, 3, 5, 1 e) 4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5

e) 4, 2, 6, 3, 1, 5

During embryonic development, the lens of the eye develops directly from an invagination of the lens placodes called the a) optic groove. b) optic vesicle. c) optic stalk. d) prosencephalon. e) lens vesicle.

e) lens vesicle

Which structures contain endolymph? a) saccule, utricle and cochlear duct b) scala vestibule, scala tympani, and bony labyrinth c) membranous and bony labyrinth d) scala vestibule, scala tympani, and cochlear duct e) cochlear duct, vestibule and semicircular canals

a) saccule, utricle and cochlear duct

The vestibular nuclei of the brainstem that control equilibrium receives sensory information from what structures? Select all that apply. a) utricle and saccule. b) semicircular ducts. c) eyes d) proprioceptors in the neck muscles. e) nociceptors in the distal limbs. f) spiral organ g) tympanic membrane h) auditory tube

a; b; c; d

Which structures are associated with equilibrium? Select all that apply. a) vestibule b) saccule c) cochlear duct d) semicircular ducts e) Cochlea f) ampullae

a; b; d; f

Pressure waves in endolymph cause the [1] to vibrate, which moves hair cells of the [2]. The hair cells touch the [3] which bends the seterocilia and generates nerve impulses in first-order neurons. a) basilar membrane b) tectorial membrane c) vestibular membrane d) helicotrema e) oval window f) round window g) spiral organ

1 - a) basilar membrane 2 - g) spiral organ 3 - b) tectorial membrane

Olfaction has a [1] threshold, and adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant [2]. a) high b) low c) no d) does not occur e) enhances gustation f) increases sensitivity to that g) odorant h) occurs rapidly i) occurs slowly

1 - b) low 2 - h) occurs rapidly

Circular muscles of the iris are controlled by the [1] nervous system and cause the pupil to [2]. Radial muscles of the iris are controlled by the [3] nervous system and cause the pupil to [4]. The circular muscles are controlled specifically by the [5] cranial nerve. a) central b) enteric c) parasympathetic d) sympathetic e) constrict f) dilate g) Optic h) abducens i) oculomotor j) trochlear

1 - c) parasympathetic 2 - e) constrict 3 - d) sympathetic 4 - f) dilate 5 - i) oculomotor

Individuals that have osteogenesis imperfecta have malformed collagen fibers. The [1] is thinner, affecting the eye's strength. Due to this, the whites of the eyes often appear grayish-blue, because the dark pigmented [2] layer is seen. a) choroid b) conjunctiva c) iris d) retina e) sclera

1 - e) sclera 2 - a) choroid

The superior oblique is innervated by [1] nerve and the lateral rectus is innervated by [2] nerve. All other extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by [3] nerve. a) abducens b) facial c) optic d) oculomotor e) trochlear

1 - e) trochlear 2 - a) abducens 3 - d) oculomotor

Choose the sequence of events in order for how gustation is conveyed from beginning to end. 1. Taste bud detects tastant on anterior two third of tongue 2. Information travels to limbic system and hypothalamus, and to the thalamus 3. Gustatory nucleus in medulla receives information 4. First order neuron from facial nerve carries impulse 5. First order neuron from vagus nerve carries impulse 6. First order neuron from glossopharyngeal nerve carries impulse 7. Conscious perception of taste 8. Information is sent to the insula of the cerebral cortex a) 1, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7 b) 7, 8, 2, 3, 6, 1 c) 7,1,5, 3, 2, 8 d) 1, 4, 5, 5, 3 ,4 , 8, 7 e) 4, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8

a) 1, 4, 3, 2, 8, 7

What structures play a major role in visual acuity? Select all that apply. a) Cones b) Macula lutea c) Optic disc d) Blind spot e) Fovea centralis f) Rods

a; b; e

Which areas will contain taste buds in adults? Select all that apply. a) epiglottis b) vallate papilla c) filiform papilla d) foliate papilla e) fungiform papilla f) soft palate g) pharynx h) hard palate

a; b; e; f; g

What cranial nerves are associated with olfactory glands? Select all that apply. a) olfactory b) trigeminal c) facial d) oculomotor e) glossopharyngeal

a; c

Which cells are part of the olfactory epithelium? Select all that apply. a) supporting cells b) mitral cells c) glomeruli d) basal cell e) olfactory receptor cells f) olfactory nerve g) nasal conchae

a; d; e

Light enters the retina through the layers of neural retina in this order ______; however information is processed through this order _______ in the retina 1. Photoreceptor cell layer 2. Bipolar cell layer 3. Inner synaptic layer 4. Outer synaptic layer 5. Ganglion cell layer a) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 / 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 b) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 / 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 c) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5 / 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 d) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 / 4, 3, 1, 2, 5 e) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 / 1, 2, 5, 4, 3

b) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 / 1, 4, 2, 3, 5

Pink eye is an infection of the thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the anterior portion of the sclera. What membrane is involved? a) Palpebral fissure b) Conjunctiva c) Lateral commissure d) Cornea e) Choroid

b) Conjunctiva

During embryonic development, the external ear develops from a structure called the first a) pharyngeal pouch. b) pharyngeal cleft. c) otic placodes. d) otic vesicle. e) rhombencephalon

b) pharyngeal cleft

Presbycusis refers to age-associated a) progressive loss of hearing in one ear. b) progressive loss of hearing in both ears. c) progressive loss of vision. d) otitis media. e) vertigo.

b) progressive loss of hearing in both ears

Dynamic equilibrium is maintained by the a) cochlea. b) semicircular canals. c) vestibule. d) spiral organ. e) utricle and saccule

b) semicircular canals

Select the sequence of events for the olfactory pathway 1. a second messenger opens cation channels (Na+ and Ca+2) 2. depolarization of olfactory receptor cells occurs 3. odorant binds to olfactory receptor protein 4. G protein activates cyclic adenosine monophosphate a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 4, 2, 1, 3 c) 3, 4, 1, 2 d) 2, 1, 4, 3 e) 3, 1, 2, 4

c) 3, 4, 1, 2

Select the correct order for the neural pathway from the inner ear to the brain. 1. inferior colliculus 2. cochlear branch nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII 3. superior olivary nucleus in pons 4. hair cells in spiral organ 5. medial geniculate nucleus in thalamus 6. primary auditory cerebral cortex 7. cochlear nuclei in medulla oblongata a) 6,5, 1, 3, 7, 2, 4 b) 2, 4, 7, 1, 5, 3, 7 c) 4, 2, 7, 3, 1, 5, 6 d) 5, 1, 3, 7, 4, 2, 6 e) 4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 7, 3

c) 4, 2, 7, 3, 1, 5, 6

How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving each eye? a) 10 b) 12 c) 6 d) 4 e) 20

c) 6

______are proteins that make up the refractive portion of the lens. a) Collagen b) Ciliary bodies c) Crystallins d) Elastin e) Keratin

c) Crystallins

[___] provide for the sense of taste. a) Basal stem cells b) Hair cells c) Gustatory cells d) Olfactory cilia e) Photoreceptors

c) Gustatory cells

When you inhale slowly and deeply, this helps identify odors. Why? a) The receptors need more air to the odors. b) The threshold for odor detection is high. c) More odorants are brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium. d) Adaptation to odors is slow. e) Olfactory transduction can only occur if a certain level of odorant concentration is available.

c) More odorants are brought into contact with the olfactory epithelium

Which molecule detects light rays that strike the photopigments in the retina? a) cGMP b) opsin portion of rhodopsin c) cis-retinal d) melanin e) retinal isomerase

c) cis-retinal

Sebaceous glands are located in what areas of the eye? Select all that apply. a) Palpebral conjunctiva b) Levator palpebrae c) Lacrimal caruncle d) Tarsal plate e) Bulbar conjunctiva f) Base of eyelashes

c; d; f

Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation? a) Vestibulocochlear b) Oculomotor c) Vagus d) Trigeminal e) Facial f) Glossopharyngeal g) Hypoglossal h) Abducens

c; e; f

How many days after fertilization do the ears begin to develop? a) 5 b) 150 c) 10 d) 22 e) 55

d) 22

Light refracts as it passes through what portions of the eye? Select all that apply. a) sclera b) iris c) choroid d) lens e) cornea f) aqueous humor g) vitreous humor h) pupil

d; e; f; g

_____ bind the odorants and begin signal transduction. a) Olfactory cilia b) Supporting cells c) Basal stem cells d) Bowman's glands e) Gustatory receptor cells

a) Olfactory cilia

Cataract leads to blindness due to a) loss of transparency of the lens. b) a high intraocular pressure. c) photophobia. d) scotoma. e) trachoma.

a) loss of transparency of the lens

Night blindness can be caused by a) Toxic levels of vitamin A b) Lack of rhodopsin c) Lack of cones d) Too low concentration of cAMP e) Too high concentration of cAMP

b) Lack of rhodopsin

Which statement accurately describes the changes in the membrane potential of a photoreceptor cell when light rays strike its photopigments? a) The photoreceptor cell undergoes rapid depolarization. b) The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization. c) A graded potential proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus occurs in the photoreceptor cell. d) No changes in the membrane potential occur. e) The photoreceptor cell creates action potentials at a frequency proportional to the intensity of the light stimulus.

b) The photoreceptor cell undergoes hyperpolarization

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left? a) macula of the saccule b) macule of the utricle c) crista of the horizontal semicircular duct d) spiral organ e) crista of the posterior semicircular duct

c) crista of the horizontal semicircular duct

From which of the following layers of the developing embryo do the eyes develop? a) endoderm b) mesoderm c) ectoderm d) ectoderm and mesoderm e) ectoderm and endoderm

c) ectoderm

Place the flow of tears in correct order. 1. lacrimal gland 2.lacrimal sac 3.lacrimal duct 4. superior or inferior lacrimal canal 5. nasolacrimal duct 6. nasal cavity a) 6, 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 b) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 6 c) 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 6 d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6 e) 2, 5, 6, 1, 3, 4

d) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 6

The axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the a) optic disk. b) optic chiasm. c) visual cortex of cerebrum. d) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. e) primary somatosensory area of cerebral cortex.

d) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Cones and rods synapse with bipolar cells in the ______ layer. a) ganglion cell b) inner synaptic c) bipolar cell d) outer synaptic e) amacrine cell

d) outer synaptic

Ciliary bodies are composed of a) striated muscle. b) cardiac muscle c) skeletal muscle d) radial smooth muscle e) circular smooth muscle

e) circular smooth muscle