chapter 17 practice questions

Which of the following is true regarding the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting? The extrinsic pathway is slower than the intrinsic pathway of blood clotting. The extrinsic pathway is independent of procoagulants. The extrinsic pathway does not involve calcium ions. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor.

The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue factor. There are two pathways for blood clotting: the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Both pathways require calcium ions and procoagulants. They both lead to the production of prothrombin activator. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic blood clotting cascades can be triggered by tissue damage; however, the extrinsic pathway utilizes tissue factor while the intrinsic pathway does not. Another difference between these cascades is that the extrinsic pathway is faster than the intrinsic pathway.

The migration of white blood cells out of the capillary blood vessels is called __________. leukocytosis transcytosis diapedesis active transport

diapedesis The migration of white blood cells out of the blood vessels is called diapedesis. Leukocytosis is an increase in leukocyte count. Transcytosis is the movement of a substance across a cell layer. Active transport is a means of moving a substance into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient.

Overproduction of white blood cells is called __________. leukocytosis leukopenia polycythemia leukopoiesis

eukocytosis Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of white blood cells. In contrast, leukocytosis is characterized by an increase in white blood cell numbers. Leukopoiesis is the production of white blood cells. Polycythemia is an abnormally high number of erythrocytes.

One molecule of hemoglobin can bind a maximum of __________ oxygen molecules. two four six eight

four Hemoglobin is made of four protein chains and four heme groups. Each heme group is able to bind one molecule of oxygen; this means that each hemoglobin molecule can bind a maximum of four oxygen molecules.

The percentage of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the __________. buffy coat blood volume hemostat hematocrit

hematocrit The buffy coat consists of white blood cells. The hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in a given blood sample.

Erythropoietin is made primarily by the __________. kidneys pituitary gland spleen pancreas

kidneys The kidneys make erythropoietin to stimulate RBC production when blood oxygen levels drop below normal.

Platelets are derived from __________. lymphocytes monocytes megakaryocytes band cells

megakaryocytes

Which of the following is considered a type of lymphocyte? B cell basophil neutrophil macrophage

B cell Lymphocytes are specialized leukocytes. Lymphocytes include T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

A free-floating blood clot is called a thrombus. True False

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte? It has a nucleus. It has mitochondria. It has a biconcave disc shape. It is composed mostly of albumin and water.

It has a biconcave disc shape. RBCs (red blood cells) are shaped like biconcave discs. They lack a nucleus, mitochondria, and most organelles. Plasma is composed mostly of albumin and water.

patient who lacks intrinsic factor would likely develop __________. pernicious anemia sickle-cell anemia hemorrhagic anemia aplastic anemia

pernicious anemia Intrinsic factor is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia will develop when a lack of intrinsic factor leads to a B12 deficiency. Aplastic anemia results from damage to or inhibition of the red bone marrow. Sickle-cell anemia is caused by defective hemoglobin. A person who has suffered excessive blood loss would exhibit hemorrhagic anemia.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of hemostasis from start to end? vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation platelet plug formation, vascular spasm, coagulation coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation Hemostasis leads to stoppage of bleeding. The hemostasis response is fast, localized, and controlled. It involves clotting factors and substances released by damaged tissue and platelets. The first step in hemostasis is vascular spasm. The vascular spasm response is followed by platelet plug formation and then coagulation.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh+ woman is pregnant with an Rh- baby. True False

False Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can develop when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus. HDN is unlikely to develop in an Rh- female's first pregnancy with an Rh+ baby. However, HDN can develop in a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ baby.

Choose the true statement about fetal hemoglobin. - Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. -Fetal hemoglobin is produced until the baby is one year old. -Fetal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin A. - Fetal hemoglobin contains four alpha chains.

Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) is different from adult hemoglobin (hemoglobin A). Fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than does adult hemoglobin. This is due to the unique structure of hemoglobin F. Hemoglobin F has two alpha and two gamma chains, compared to the two alpha and two beta chains seen in adult hemoglobin. Soon after birth, hemoglobin F is replaced by hemoglobin A.

Which of the following is NOT a role of albumin? It acts as a carrier molecule. It contributes to plasma osmotic pressure. It serves an immune system function. It acts as a blood buffer.

It serves an immune system function. Albumin is the primary protein found in plasma. It constitutes about 60% of plasma protein. It has a significant role in regulating plasma osmotic pressure. It also acts as a carrier protein and a blood buffer. Albumin is not an immunological protein.

Blood type is determined by __________. glycoproteins present in the plasma antibodies present in the plasma antibodies present on the surface of erythrocytes glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes

glycoproteins present on the surface of erythrocytes Blood type is determined by glycoproteins (agglutinogens) present on the surface of erythrocytes. The type of glycoproteins present on the RBC surface is genetically determined.

Erythropoiesis is best defined as __________. leukocyte production albumin production red blood cell production platelet production.

red blood cell production Erythropoiesis is the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Leukopoiesis is the production of leukocytes (white blood cells).

Aging red blood cells are fragmented and trapped in the __________. liver intestines kidneys spleen

spleen Because RBCs lack a nucleus, they are unable to repair themselves upon being damaged. This leads to a short lifespan for these cells. The spleen has fine capillaries in it that serve to test the structural soundness of RBCs. If the erythrocytes are damaged, they will be broken up and trapped in the capillaries of the spleen. For this reason the spleen is sometimes called the "red blood cell graveyard."