Chapter 17 Test Study Guide
In 1900, regarding work conditions in American factories, how hours and days were workers expected to labor?
10 hrs a day, 6 days a week
Who were the Molly Maguires?
A secret society of Irish-born coal miners willing to use violence to deal with management. A militant labor union for the cold mining industry.
Where in the world (1870s) was the "internal combustion engine" developed
France, Germany, and Austria. (Europe)
In the late nineteenth century, the philosopher who introduced and championed the concept of Social Darwinism was...
Herbert Spencer
Who began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in Ohio?
John D. Rockefeller
During the late nineteenth century, anarchists in the United States were blamed for what events/ issues?
After the Haymarket bombing, Anarchists were related to terrorism and violence. Anarchists are also going to be linked to the labor movement.
How did the emergence of research laboratories in 1900 help American corporations?
The research laboratories are going to help the U.S. expand, and make more diversification in corporation research.
Samuel Gompers was the leader of which organization?
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
What was the base price of a Ford Model T in 1929?
$290
What caused the great railroad strike of 1877?
Eastern railroad companies wanted to cut wages by 10 percent.
During the 1870s and 1880s, most of the immigrants who came to the United States came from region and countries of the world?
England, Ireland, Northern Europe
What did the late-nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward believe about human intelligence?
He believed that human intelligence shaped society through governing civilization rather than natural selection.
Where was Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903?
Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
In the late nineteenth century, how did the growth of industrial capitalism affect American workers?
Many job opportunities, increasing their standard of living.
Approximately, how many cars were on the road In 1917, in the United States?
Nearly 5 million.
In the early twentieth century, what was the principal goal of "Taylorism"?
Optimize the workflow, improve industrialization.
During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by several factors. List them
Railroads, the sale of stocks, limited liability laws: liability is going to be shared so corporations aren't going to lose a lot of money, they were also helped by the idea that great ventures did not have to be financed by a single person.
At the time of its emergence into the open as a public organization, the Knights of Labor was led by
Terrance V. Powderly
Who created the Pennsylvania Steel Company?
The Pennsylvania Railroad.
How did the President react to the Pullman strike of 1894?
The President ordered 2,000 troops to that area, the union was forbidden to carry on with the strike and some refused to obey, they were arrested and imprisoned.
Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event?
The Pullman Strike
In what industry did the Homestead strike of 1892 occur?
The Steel Industry
How was the theory of Social Darwinism applied to industrialization?
The theory was applied to industrialization because it argued that the fittest forms of life survived over thousands of years because of their biological fitness. Justifying the extreme wealth that the industrialists had.
According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth, what was the relationship between the wealthy and society?
They could use their riches to advance society and help the poor.
What happened to those who incited the Haymarket Square riot of 1886?
They were injured or even killed by the police. Some will be convicted and some will be executed.
In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because...
They were unfit for success.
How did Horatio Alger inspire his readers?
Used "rags to riches" stories to inspire people that they could rise up through the ranks and become wealthy. (Anyone could become rich if they try hard enough.)
What were the business structures used by Standard Oil?
Vertical and horizontal integration
What was the business structure used by Carnegie Steel?
Vertical integration
What started the Pullman strike of 1894?
Wages were cut by 25%, without reducing the rent of the charged employees.
Where in the United States did the steel industry first emerge?
Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio.
Where did the first significant oil production in the United States occur?
Western Pennsylvania.
A key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles was the...
use of interchangeable parts and assembly lines