Chapter 18, 19, 20 test

John's SV at rest is normally 90 mL. His resting heart rate is usually 60 BPM. On Friday night John goes to an awards banquet where he is scheduled to receive an award and make a short speech. While he is waiting backstage, he becomes extremely nervous and his HR ↑'s to 100 BPM. Assuming his cardiac output has not changed, what is John's backstage stroke volume (don't forget units)?

54 mL

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. A. Preload B. Contractility C. Afterload D. Cardiac Output

Afterload

Identify the three main factors that contribute to systemic vascular resistance. Indicate which of the three parameters is most commonly altered when changes in total peripheral resistance occur?

Blood viscosity, blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter (most commonly altered)

Which of the following is considered myeloid tissue? A. bone marrow B. thymus C. lymph node D. spleen

Bone marrow

Which of the following best states the equation relating cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV)? A. CO = SV + HR B. CO = SV x HR C. CO = SV/HR D. CO = HR - SV E. CO = SV - HR

CO = SV x HR

Which of the following is NOT important in preventing backflow of blood? A. Endocardium B. Papillary Muscles C. Chordae Tendinease D. AV Valve

Endocardium

Once ______________ is formed, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways are identical. A. Factor III B. Calcium C. Factor X D. Prothrombin E. Fibrinogen

Factor X

What is the general name for all of the cells/platelets that make up the blood A. Plasma Proteins B. Fibrinogen C. Formed elements D. Plasma

Formed elements

Which of the following would be true for an individual with anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies circulating in his blood? A. He must be blood type A positive. B. He must be blood type A negative. C. He must be blood type B negative. D. He must be blood type B positive.

He must be blood type A negative

Which of the following terms is used to describe the pressure exerted by the fluid against the walls of a blood vessel A. Osmotic Pressure B. Pulse Pressure C. Net Filtration Pressure D. Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure

John's SV at rest is normally 90 mL. His resting heart rate is usually 60 BPM. On Friday night John goes to an awards banquet where he is scheduled to receive an award and make a short speech. While he is waiting backstage, he becomes extremely nervous and his HR ↑'s to 100 BPM. In actuality, do you think that John's cardiac output would have stayed the same backstage? Why or why not? (Keep it simple!)

In reality, John's output would have elevated because his heart rate increased (his ventricles are pumping blood out).

Which structure of the cardiac muscle cell contains desmosomes and gap junctions? A. Thick Filaments B. Striations C. Intercalated Discs D. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Intercalated Discs

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected? A. Diastole B. Isovolumetric Contraction C. Ventricular filling D. Systole

Isovolumetric Contraction

Which of the following is not a granulocyte? A. Neutrophil B. Basophil C. Lymphocyte D. Eosinophil

Lymphocyte

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle? A. Aortic B. Pulmonary C. Mitral D. Tricuspid

Mitral

Which of the following is a phagocyte? A. Lymphocyte B. Basophil C. Monocyte D. Platelet

Monocyte

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atria? A. P wave B. QRS Complex C. T wave D. none of the above: atrial depolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

P wave

Which is the correct formula for determining pulse pressure? A. PP = SP - DP B. PP = SV x HR C. PP = DP + [1/3 x (SP-DP)] D. PP = P/R

PP = SP - DP

This is used to reduce the friction between membranes of the heart. A. pericardium B. endocardium layer C. pericardial (serous) fluid D. Epicardium

Pericardial (serous) fluid

Which of the valves below prevents blood from flowing backwards into the right ventricle? A. Tricuspid valve B. Aortic semilunar valve C. Mitral valve D. Pulmonary semilunar valve E. Bicuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Which structure sends the electrical signal directly to the muscle cells of the ventricle? A. AV Bundle Branch B. Purkinje fibers C. AV Node D. SA Node

Purkinje Fibers

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit? A. Left Ventricle B. Right Atrium C. Right Ventricle D. Left Atrium

Right Atrium

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures that the action potential moves through during the normal sequence of excitation through the heart? A. bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, atrioventricular (AV) node B. Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His C. bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers D. SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His E. SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Which 2 factors directly contribute to Cardiac Output? A. EDV and HR B. SV and HR C. ESV and SV D. ESV and EDV

SV and HR

John's SV at rest is normally 90 mL. His resting heart rate is usually 60 BPM. On Friday night John goes to an awards banquet where he is scheduled to receive an award and make a short speech. While he is waiting backstage, he becomes extremely nervous and his HR ↑'s to 100 BPM. Which branch of the ANS is responsible for the increase in John's HR prior to his speech?

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

__________ is the term used to describe the an increase in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel.

Vasodilation

Which pericardial layer is in direct contact with the heart? A. Endocardium B. Visceral Pericardium C. Parietal Pericardium D. Fibrous Pericardium

Visceral Pericardium

Sickle cell anemia occurs when: A. there is not enough iron in the diet. B. a faulty gene results in the substitution of amino acids in the globin portion of hemoglobin. C. industrial pollutants bind to hemoglobin, causing it to change conformation. D. malaria parasites invade red blood cells. E. intrinsic factor is lacking in gastric juice.

a faulty gene results in the substitution of amino acids in the globin portion of hemoglobin.

The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________.

agglutination

This marks the boundary between the ventricles. A. anterior interventricular sulcus B. anterior and posterior interventricular sulci C. posterior interventricular sulcus D. coronary sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus E. coronary sulcus

anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

Bulk flow: A. into the interstitial fluid is called reabsorption. B. slowly moves small amounts of molecules across the plasma membrane. C. is an active transport process. D. continues as long as a pressure gradient exists between the blood and the interstitial fluid. E. into the blood is called filtration.

continues as long as a pressure gradient exists between the blood and the interstitial fluid.

In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 70 is the ________. A. diastolic pressure B. pulse pressure C. mean arterial pressure D. systolic pressure

diastolic pressure

These vessels have small holes in their endothelium which allows for quick movement of certain small substances out of the vessels. A. elastic arteries B. fenestrated capillaries D. continuous capillaries C. arterioles

fenestrated capillaries

Which of the following describes a neutrophil? A. granular, especially effective against bacteria B. agranular, releases antimicrobial defensins C. agranular, especially effective against cancer cells D. granular, contains multiple granules packed with histamine

granular, especially effective against bacteria

People with ABO blood type B ________. A. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma B. have anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma C. have B antigens on their erythrocytes D. have A antigens on their erythrocytes

have B antigens on their erythrocytes

Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver? A. immunoglobulin B. albumin C. fibrinogen

immunoglobulin

Which combination of factors would definitely lead to an increase in stroke volume (SV)? A. increased preload, increased afterload, decreased contractility B. decreased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility C. increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility D. increased preload, increased afterload, increased contractility E. decreased preload, decreased afterload, decreased contractility

increased preload, decreased afterload, increased contractility

Which of the following conditions will result in vasoconstriction? A. ↑ H+ concentration B. ↑ NO concentration C. ↑ parasympathetic stimulation D. ↑ sympathetic stimulation

increased sympathetic stimulation

People with ABO blood type O ________. A. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes B. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes C. are considered universal recipients D. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma

lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes

Which of the following vessels are considered distributing vessels and have an abundant tunica media? A. muscular arteries B. venules C. continuous capillaries D. elastic arteries

muscular arteries

Three liters would be within the normal range for A. glucose levels in plasma. B. hemoglobin levels. C. plasma volume of whole blood. D. levels of clotting proteins in serum. E. total blood cell count.

plasma volume of whole blood

Thrombocytes are more accurately called ________. A. albumins B. platelets C. megakaryocytes D. clotting factors

platelets

This term is used to describe flow of substances back into blood vessels from the interstitial fluid. A. filtration B. reabsorption C. compliance D. diffusion

reabsorption

Which of the following is a mechanism by which blood in the lower limbs is returned to the heart A. skeletal muscle pump B. filtration C. transcytosis D. osmotic pressure

skeletal muscle pump

Which of the following best describes veins? A. thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves B. thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves C. thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves D thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves

thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves

The endothelium is found in the ________. A. tunica media B. tunica externa C. tunica intima (interna) D. lumen

tunica intima

The first step in hemostasis is ________. A. vascular spasm B. coagulation C. platelet plug formation D. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

vascular spasm