Chapter 18-4
Why does each group (Jews, Palestenians, Arabs) lay claim to the area known as Palestine?
1)Jews claim the land was theirs first 3000 years ago, 2) Palestinians say it belongs to them since they drove the Jews out in AD135 3) Arabs say it belongs to them since their conquest in the 7th century.
Show Israeli-Palestinian Struggle on a timeline.
1947-UN votes to divide Palestine in to a Palestinian and Jewish State 1949-Israel repels Palestinian attack and controls most territory except West Bank and Gaza Strip 1967 Israel wins six day war and controls Jerusale, west bank, golan heights, gaza strip and Sinai 1987-Palestinians start an intifada movement 1993-Israel agrees to withdraw from several palestinian regions and Palestinians recognize Israel as a state (Oslo Peace Accords) 2000-Israel leader Sharon visits the temple mount and Palestinians start a second intifada.
What years were there full scale wars between the two groups?
1956, 1967, 1973.
When did Egyptian leader, Nasser, decide to strike again against the Israelis? What was his first move?
1967. Close off the Gulf of Aqaba, Israel's outlet to the Red Sea.
How long was it after the Camp David Accords was it before the Palestinians and Israelis set down to have a peace talk again?
1991 - 12 years later.
How many troops did Israel lose vs the Arabs?
800 in Israel but 15,000 Arab losses
How did the Palestinians and other Islamic countries vote?
All voted against it and the Palestinians rejected it outright.
What made several hundred thousand Jews move back to Israel?
Arab-Israeli tensions
Who was the leader of the Palestenians at this time/
Arafat
How did Israel view these new holdings along their southern, eastern and western borders?
As a buffer zone against further Arab attacks.
Why did Egypt's leader, Nasser, send in troops?
Because he was angry about the US and Britain canceling financial support for the Aswan Dam in Egypt.
When the UN set aside the 55% for the Israelis, what happened to the rest?
Because of the fighting, the Arab state never happened. Other countries started seizing the territory - Israel took half of it in the 1948-49 war.
Why did the United Nations favor the Jews in these terms?
Because of the war and holocaust, the US and some European nations felt sympathy for the Jews
Who did the League of Nations appoint to oversee Palestine after the defeat of the Ottomans in World War I?
Britain
What was the Balfour Declaration?
British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour promoted the idea of creating a Jewish home land in Palestine ALONG SIDE Non Jewish communities.
What was the meeting that President Jimmy Carter initiated at Camp David in the US between Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister, Menachem Begin called? and what was the general agreement? when was it signed?
Camp David Accords - Egypt recognized Israel as a state; Israel agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. (signed in 1979)
Jews were driven out of Palestine 3000 years ago and settled in different countries around the world. What is this global dispersal called?
Diaspora
Who were the Egyptian and Jewish leaders when the fourth Arab-Israeli conflict started in Oct 1973?
Egypt - President Anwar Sadat; Israel - Prime Minister Golda Meir.
What started the second Arab-Israeli conflict in 1956 and what was it called?
Egypt seized the Suez Canal. The 1956 Suez Crisis
What other countries took what was suppose to be Arab lands in Palestine?
Egypt took the Gaza Strip, Jordan took the West Bank of the Jordan River.
What did the Arab countries think of the agreement and what happened to show how much they disagreed?
Enraged. While world leaders praised Sadat, he was assassinated by Muslim extremists.
What was the significance of the Camp David Accords?
First signed agreement ever between the Arabs and Israelis
What is the name of the militant terrorist group that won a majority vote in the Palestinian Authority elections and what were their intentions relative to Israel?
Hamas - wanted to replace Israel with an Islamic state
What more harsh action did the Palestinians take in the second intifada?
In addition to attacking Israeli soldiers and rock throwing, they used suicide bombers. (thousands of Israelis and Palestinians have died)
Who won this first war between these two groups?
Israel
What was the agreement between the two groups in the Oslo Peace Accords?
Israeli Prime Minister Rabin agreed to grant the Palestinians self rule in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, beginning with the town of Jericho.
What caused the second Palestinian intifada in July 2000?
Israeli political leader ARiel Sharon visted Jerusalems Temple Mount, a site both holy to Jews and Muslims. Palestinian radio called on Palestinians to protest the visit.
What were the terms of the partition?
Jews were to receive 55 % of the area even though they were only 34 % of the population.
Who was the first ever Prime Minister of Palestinian Authority in 2003?
Mahmoud Abbas
What happened after this?
Many disagreed with the agreement - Rabin was assassinated in 1995 by a Jewish Extremist. He was succeeded by Netanyahu who opposed the agreement but wanted to keep peace.
On what date was an independent Israel created and who announced this creation?
May 14, 1948 by David Ben Gurion, Jewish leader
What lands did Israel gain in the six day war?
Old city of Jerusalem, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, West Bank.
What were these peach talks referred to as?
Oslo Peace Accords
During this time (19th and 20th century) what was Palestine a part of?
Ottoman Empire ruled by Islamic Turks
What organization was formed in 1964 that pushed for an Arab Palestinian state that included these lands claimed by Israel?
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
What group of people are most opposed to the Jewish State of Israel?
Palestinians.
What did the United Nations decide to do, relative to the Palestine area, at the end of WWII.
Partition Palestine in an Arab Palestinian state and a Jewish State.
What occurred in this war?
President Sadat planned a joint Arab attack on Yom Kippur and caught Israel by surprise. They recaptured some territory. Israel struck back and regained most of the lost territory.
Even though Israel was able to retake the canal, why did Egypt still end up with it?
Pressure from the US and Soviet Union forced Israel and the Europeans to withdraw from Egypt, which left Egypt with the canal.
Name the summer camp in the region that hosts teenagers from opposing sides of world conflicts in hopes of creating lasting friendships?
Seeds of Peace
When was the agreement signed?
Septemer 13, 1993
What did the Palestinians do in 1987 to express their frustrations?
Started a campaign of civil disobedience called Intifads (uprising).
How did Israel respond?
They struck airfields in Egypt, Iran, Jordan and Syria.
Why did Israel think it was ok that they had seized the West Bank and Gaza Strip (land that was suppose to originally go to the Palestinians)
They thought ownership was vital to their national security.
What happened the day after Israel was created?
They were invaded by six Islamic states (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria)
What were the general views of the two sides at this time based on Fawaz Turki (Arab writer) and Abraham Tamir (Jewish writer)
Turki's views were that the Israelis walked off with their homeland and put them in refugee camps. Tamir's views were that the land Israel now held was for their own safety and that if they were left alone, they would not start wars or try to get new land.
Name the orchestra made up of Jewish and Arab musicians
West-Eastern Divan
Who became chairman of the PLO in 1969?
Yasir Arafat.
What was this fourth war called?
Yom Kippur War.
The Jews that started returning to the region in the 19th and 20th century were known as what?
Zionists (people who favored a Jewish National homeland in Palestine.
Four years after the Yom Kippur war, what shocking action did Anwar Sadat (PLO leader) take?
extended a hand to Israel to talk about Peace
Why did Arab-Israeli relations not improve with a new Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon was elected?
he refused to negotiate until Palestinians stopped Israeli attacks
What did Sadat want from Israel in order to keep peace?
he wanted them to recognize the rights of Palestinians and withdraw from territory seized in 1967 from Egypt, Jordan and Syria.
George Bush tried to bring Sharon and Abbas together for piece talks in 2003 - but talks stalled - why?
increased violence between the two groups
What originally made up the PLO and what did it eventually become seen as?
laborers, teachers, lawyers and fighters. It eventually grew violent and was seen as a terrorist organization.
In this scenario, which side would own Jerusalem?
neither - Jerusalem was to become an international city.
Israel defeated the Arab countries quickly - how fast?
six days. That is why it was known as the six day war.
What citizenship were people in these areas offered?
those in Jerusalem could become Israeli citizens or Jordanian citizens (most chose Jordanian). People living in other areas were not offered and were under the control of the Israelis
How did Israel respond to the uprising?
went to Palestinian refugee camps and clamped down on terrorists. Destroyed buildings where they though extremists were hiding and bulldozed entire camps and towns. Bombed Arafats headquarters.
