Chapter 18 A&P Urinary system
What substance is filtered by the kidney?
Blood
The layers of epithelia cells that envelop the glomerulus in an open-ended covering are called...
Bowman's capsule
What accurately describes the function of Bowman's capsule?
Fluid that filters out of the glomerulus collects in between the two layers of Bowman's capsule and then flows into the renal tubule on the other side of the capsule
Where are the renal corpuscles of the nephrons located?
In the kidney's outer region, where they extend between the cortex and the medulla
What is the function of the peritubular capillaries?
Pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules
What is correct about the location of the kidneys?
The kidneys extend from the level of the T12 vertebra to the L3 vertebra
What occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
Water diffuses out
The wall of the bladder is called the __________ muscle.
detrusor
Drugs called __________________ are administered to increase urine volume.
diurectics
The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys is called the
glomerular filtration rate GFR
Each nephron contains a cluster of capillaries called a
glomerulus
What is not normally found in urine?
glucose
How does high blood pressure damage kidneys?
high blood pressure increases pressure within the glomerulus, causing glomerular capillaries to burst
Slit on concave side of kidney through which blood vessels, the ureter, and nerves enter and leave
hilum
Structures that converge to form the renal pelvis
major calyx
Most of the calcium, ion, and thyroid hormone in the blood are bound to ______________ which keeps them from being filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus.
plasma proteins
The micturition center is located in the
pons
Most of the water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubules
Blood enters the kidney through the ___________ and leaves through the _____________.
renal artery, renal vein
Divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections
renal columns
The component of a nephron that filters blood plasma is the
renal corpuscle
The outer region of the kidney
renal cortex
The inner region of the kidney
renal medulla
Structure that becomes the ureter
renal pelvis
Cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior
renal pyramids
The component of the nephron where glomerular filtrate is processed is the
renal tubule
A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete
renin
The process whereby chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood is called
tubular reabsorption
The process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate is called
tubular secretion
What correctly describes the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule?
Proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
How much of the fluid filtered by both kidneys is reabsorbed by the body?
99 percent
What is the renal tubule?
A collection of tubelike structures that leads away from the glomerulus
What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?
A pressure gradient
What is the most likely cause of protein in the urine?
Damaged glomerular capillaries
What would trigger the secretion of aldosterone?
Decreased blood levels of sodium
What is an effect of atrial natriuretic peptide? ANP
Decreased blood pressure
Aldosterone causes which of the following?
Decreased urine output
Which portion of the kidneys plays a role in acid-base balance?
Distal convoluted tubule
What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?
It protects the kidneys
What structural characteristic of the proximal convoluted tubules enhances its role in tubular reabsorption?
Microvilli
What is the filtration unit of the kidney?
Nephron
