chapter 18 history

All of the following were true of the Opium War

Britain gained free access to five so-called treaty ports, as well as outright control of the island of Hong Kong President Tyler dispatched Caleb Cushing to secure comparable concessions for the United States from China. Cushing's four warships arrived at Macao, in southern China, in early 1844, bearing gifts that included a weathervane and a pair of six-shooters.

Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850

California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and slavery in Utah and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty

The North approved the Gadsden Purchase in exchange for the South's agreement to organize Nebraska as a free territory

False

The "Great Compromiser" who helped to make the Compromise of 1850 his last great achievement was

Henry Clay

Senator Stephen Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise by opening those territories to popular sovereignty regarding slavery

True

The Pierce administration's expansionist efforts in Central America, Cuba, and the Gadsden Purchase were basically designed to serve southern proslavery interests.

True

The Whig Party's official endorsement of the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Law doomed its political future in the North.

True

All of the following were true of the California Gold Rush

a fortunate few of the bearded miners "struck it rich" at the diggings. a horde of adventurers poured into the valleys of California the luckless many probably would have been money well ahead if they had stayed at home unaffected by gold fever.

The essential approach of the Whig Party to the slavery issue in the election of 1848 and after was to

avoid discussing the issue in hopes that it would eventually go away.

The immediate effect of the Compromise of 1850 was to

calm the national crisis and create a brief period of good feeling.

The Free Soil Party condemned the expansion of slavery primarily because it

destroyed opportunities for white workers to rise from wage-earning dependence to independent ownership

Northerners

generally accepted the compromise suggested in Daniel Webster's famed Seventh of March speech of 1850.

Senator Daniel Webster's role in the debates leading up to the Compromise of 1850 was to

urge compromise and acceptance of the principle of popular sovereignty in the West.

The scheme to seize Cuba and turn it into several new slave states

urged that the administration offer $120 million for Cuba.

All of the following were true of the Republican Party

sprang up spontaneously in the Middle as a moral protest against the gains of slavery. was a purely sectional party included disgruntled Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers, Know-Nothings, and other foes of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

All of the following were problems facing the South prior to the Compromise of 1850

the admission of California would destroy the delicate equilibrium in the Senate, perhaps forever potential slave territory under the American flag was running short, if it had not in fact disappeared. agitation had already developed in the territories of New Mexico and Utah for admission as non-slave states.

The idea that a divinely ordained higher law than the Constitution prohibited the expansion of slavery was vigorously promoted by Senator

William Seward.

The primary purpose of the Gadsden Purchase of 1854 was to

provide land for a proslavery southern railroad route to California.

Senator Stephen Douglas's fundamental attitude toward the expansion of slavery into new western territories was that he

believed that slave labor would be needed, at least temporarily, to build railroads through the West.

The 1849 gold rush did all of the following

bring a distressingly high proportion of lawless men to California, accompanied or followed by virtueless women. pour tens of thousands of people into the future Golden State, completely overwhelming the one-horse government thrust the question of admitting California directly into the Union as a free state into the national debate.

All of the following were true of the Free Soil party

broadened its appeal by advocating federal aid for internal improvements and by urging free government homesteads for settlers. was organized by ardent antislavery men in the North who distrusted both Cass and Taylor. came out foursquare for the Wilmot Proviso and against slavery in the territories.

All of the following were true of the Compromise of 1850

it was in response to the fact that the South in 1850 was losing perhaps 1,000 runaways a year out. it was forged in the face of threats by southern fire-eaters to secede from the Union if the South did not achieve key concessions. Southerners rested their argument on the Constitution, which protected slavery, and on the laws of Congress, which provided for slave-catching.

In 1850, the south seemed very well off for all of the following reasons

its cotton fields were expanding, and cotton prices were profitably high. it had seated in the White House the war hero Zachary Taylor, a Virginia-born, slaveowning planter from Louisiana it boasted a majority in the cabinet and on the Supreme Court

Commodore Matthew C. Perry was best known for

opening Japan to U.S. trade.

The theory of popular sovereignty was that the people of each territory should decide for themselves whether or not to have slavery.

True