chapter 18

Post 1865 as American industries grew, what economic shift took place?

From tangible assets to monetary assets

What idea was promoted by the theory of Social Darwinism in the late 19th century?

Progress is the result of competition where the strong survived and the weak died out.

Which of the following was the first big businesses in America?

Railroading

Which group of Republicans fiercely supported the patronage system?

Stalwarts

Which relatively new building material manufactured by Andrew Carnegie improved railroading and increased urban construction in the late 19th century?

Steel produced through the Bessemer Process

What is the woman warrior crusading for in the political cartoon titled "Woman's Holy War"?

Temperance

The tariff posed a threat to America's prosperity in the 1880s because

it forced farmers and consumers to buy higher priced American-made goods.

The Pendleton Act of 1883 established the Civil Service Commission and

made appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on an examination.

What was the main purpose of crude oil in the United States before the advent of the automobile?

Lubricating machines and lighting in the form of kerosene

Andrew Carnegie's argument that the rich should be free to administer their own wealth is supported by all of the following EXCEPT (Course Reader Document 18.1)?

A desire to promote socialism

Who was the inventor of the telephone and the founder of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company?

Alexander Graham Bell

Which of the following describes the Gilded Age (1870-1900)?

An era marked by personal greed and a corrupt partnership between business and politics

Who, among the following, epitomized the American notion that through hard work even a poor immigrant could become tremendously successful?

Andrew Carnegie

All of the following inventions improved life during the Gilded Age EXCEPT

Automobile

By portraying Jay Gould as a spider, the cartoonist is make all the following arguments EXCEPT

Common citizens' liberty was threatened by Gould.

In Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth," which of the following is NOT a result of industrialization (Course Reader Document 18.1)?

Crude articles are sold at high prices

How was it possible that Jay Gould was described as both one of the world's richest men and one of the most hated men in America when he died in 1892?

He was a symbol of all the most troubling aspects of big business in America due to his strategy of expansion and consolidation.

Which of the following characterizes Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism?

Helping the poor ultimately hurts society as a whole.

Which of the following is NOT one the arguments made by Henry Demarest Lloyd in "Wealth Against the Commonwealth" (Course Reader Document 18.2)?

Home production will allow workers to regain power from the rich.

What practice did John D. Rockefeller use to monopolize the oil market, which involved forming trusts with competitors or forcing his competitors out of business?

Horizontal integration

What was the purpose of vertical integration, which was pioneered by Andrew Carnegie in the late 19th century?

It placed all aspects of the business, from mining raw materials to marketing and transporting finished products, under the control of one corporation.

According to American businessmen who subscribed to the economic theory of laissez-faire capitalism, what was the role of the government in the economy?

It should not interfere in economic affairs.

Chester A. Arthur became U.S. president in 1881 after the assassination of

James A. Garfield.

Who was the founder of the Standard Oil Company and subsequently the richest man in U.S. history?

John D. Rockefeller

According Henry Demarest Lloyd, who are the "barbarians" destroying civilization during the Gilded Age(Course Reader Document 18.2)?

Millionaires

What overall message did Andrew Carnegie promote in his "Gospel of Wealth" (Course Reader Document 18.1)?

Millionaires should be trustees and agents for the poor.

How did American women respond to the denial of their right to vote in the late 19th century?

They participated in the political process though the antilynching, suffrage, and temperance movements.

President James A. Garfield unwittingly helped the cause of civil service reform when he

was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office seeker.

Prominent business leader and banker of the late 19th century J. P. Morgan believed that

consolidation and central control were preferable to competition.

According to Ida B. Wells, lynching was a problem rooted in

discrimination and segregation against Southern blacks who were acquiring wealth and property.

President Grover Cleveland hoped to increase the nation's depleted gold reserves following the Panic of 1893 and the subsequent economic depression

through making a deal with J.P. Morgan and other bankers who would buy government bonds with gold.