Chapter 18 Parenteral Medications
the 50 and 30 low dose insulin syringe is calibrated (measured) in?
1 unit increments up to 50 or 30 units depending on what it is.
what are the three sizes insulin syringes are availible in/
100 unit (1ml), 50 unit (0.5 ml), and 30 unit (0.3 ml). the 50 and the 30 unit are considered the low dose insulin syringes and the 100 unit dose is considered the standard.
the standard 100 unit insulin syringe is calibrated (measured) in?
100 units of insulin per milliliter, which is 2 unit increments.
the subcutaneous maximum injection is?
1ml
the maximum volume to administer in a single intramuscular site for adults, children 6-12, and children 0-5 is?
3ml for adults, 2ml for children 6-12, 1 ml for children 0-5.
for IV parenteral injectable solution that can have a volume greater than?
5ml
what are common route of parenteral medications?
IM(intramuscular), subcut (injection into the subcutaneous tissue IV(intravenous directly into the vein). ID injection just administered just under the skin (dermis)
Tuberculin Syringe
Is a narrow syringe that has a capacity of 0.5 ml or 1ml. The volume of a tuberculin syringe can be measured on the Milliliter scale. It is recommended that dosages less than 0.5ml be measured with a tuberculin syringe.
medications for parenteral use come packaged in a variety of forms, including?
amples, vials, mix-o-vials, premeasured (prefilled) syringes, and cartridges.
what is a pre-filled (pre measured) syringe
an epi-pen is an example of a pre-filled syringe. It is when parenteral medication comes prepared for administration in a syringe, with the needle attached or without the needle attached. They are single dose syringes that come with a specific amount of medication contained in the syringe and are designed to be used only once.
the term parenteral is used to indicated medications by any route other than through?
any route other than the GI system. it is commonly used to refer to medications administered by injection with the use of a needle and syringe.
various sized syringes are availible for use. They have different capcaities and speicifc calibration. Can you name the three different parts of a syringe?
barrel, plunger, tip.
what is the dosage strength in this photo? and what is the total volume? what is the route of administration?
dosage strength is 150 mg/ 3ml total volume is 3ml IV is the route of administration
when you have an example like order demerol 65 mg IM and phenergan 25 mg Im q4h prn for pain. You calculate both individually and then add up the ml for the syringe. (pg 411 photo of medications
example:
now that you know the parts of the syringe there are three different kinds of syringes, what are the three kinds?
hypodermic syringe large capacity syringe tuberculin syringe
Subcut indicates an injection given?
in the subcutaneous tissue, below the skin such as insulin used in the management of diabetes.
IM indicated an injection given?
into the muscle
IV indicates injections given directly?
into the vein.
hypodermic syringe
is a syringe with a needle, that comes in various sizes ranging from 0.5 ml up to 60ml and larger. one of the small capacity syringe up to 3ml is used most often. The syringes are marked in mL. Remember that Ml is a measure of volume. For small hypodermic syringes, decimals are used to indicate 0.5 mL, 1.5 mL etc...
what is a vial?
it is when parenteral medication is in a plastic or glass container that has a rubber stopper or diaphragm on the top. There are both single use and multi use vials. A small volume of air is require to initiate the flow of medication so sir must be injected into the vial.
what is an ampule?
it is when parenteral medication is in a sealed glass container that contains a typical single dose of medication. It has a constricted neck that is designed to snap open.
ID indicates injections administered?
just under the skin into the dermis located between the epidermis and hypodermis.
insulin syringes are used for the subcut injection of insulin and are calibrated(measured) in units rather than?
milliliters. U-100 means 100 units per milliliter.
what is the one way to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens within the healthcare field?
practicing needle stick prevention, making sure that needles are never recapped and always correctly disposed of in a special puncture resistant container.
when you calculate injectable medications that are ordered you can use any of the three methods to calculate?
ratio and proportion formula method dimensional analysis
what is a cartrige?
some parenteral medications are packaged in a pre-filled glass or plastic container. The cartridge is clearly marked, indicating the amount of medication in it. The cartridge contains a single dosage of medication. A needle needs to be inserted to remove calculated amounts.
what is a mix-o-vial
some parenteral medications come in mix-o-vials. The vial usually contains a single dosage of medication. The mix-o-vial has two compartments separated by a rubber stopper. The top compartment contains the sterile liquid and the bottom compartment contains the powered solution. When pressure is applied to the top of the vial, the rubber stopper that separates the mediation and liquid is released.
what is the barrel on a syringe?
the barrel is the outer calibrated portion that holds the medication. It has calibrations (marking) on the outer portion
what is the plunger on a syringe?
the inner device that is moved backward to withdraw and measure the medication and is pushed to eject the medication from the syringe. The plunger fits into the barrel.
large capacity syringes
the large hypodermics are used when volumes larger than 2ml are desired. In the large syringes the shorter measurements are two tenths of a milliliter (0.2 ml).
what is the tip of the syringe?
the tip is the end of the syringe that holds the needle. The needle slips on the tip or can be twisted and locked in place. The tip is A in the figure. Some tips come with a needle that cannot be detached, it just depends on the type of syringe.
True or false: when mixing medications you must calculate the dosage for each medication making sure to round to the nearest tenth for each of the medications ordered, given what is available then add it up at the end.
true
true or false/ when the dosage for parenteral administration exceeds the guidelines of volume that can be administered in a single injection site, the dosage should be questioned and calculation double checked.
true
when a rapid action of a medication is necessary or a client cannot take the medication orally, the parenteral route may be preferred true or false?
true
true or false: insulin is a high alert medication.
true and all dosages should be checked by another nurse before administration to a client.
true or false the needles on insulin syringes are not detatchable.
true.
dosage strength is typically anything other than ml. Ml represents the ?
volume (dosage volume)
when ay the parenteral use of medication may be useful?
when the client cannot take the medication orally or when the rapid action of a medication is necessary.
how do you measure a dose amount in a syringe?
you look at the arrow the forward head of the plunger head indicates the amount of medication withdrawn. The point where the rubber plunger edge makes contact with the barrel is the spot that should be lined up with the amount desired.