Chapter 18: The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1799)
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The Second Estate: Nobles owned about ____% of the land
-25%
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789) The Declaration began by forthrightly declaring, _______.
-"Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights." These rights included "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression."
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: BOURGEOISE DISCONTENT) France's foreign trade increased by 500% between ____ and ____.
-1713 and 1789
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The Second Estate: Nobles comprised __to__% percent of the population
-2 to 4%
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: ROYAL INEPTITUDE) Louis XVI (reigned 1774-1792) became king when he was just ___ years old. He was a ____ man but a very ____ king. Louis XVI was an excellent ____ and preferred ____ to ruling. His Austrian-born wife _______ correctly described him as a ____ person who was _____.
-20 -good man -poor king -locksmith -hunting -Marie Antoinette -timid -"afraid to command"
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The First Estate: The Catholic Church held about ___% of the land
-20%
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: HAITI) When the French Revolution began, the population of Satu, Domingue included ____ whites, ____ people of color, and ____ slaves.
-30,000 whites, 28,000 people of color, and 465,000 slaves.
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PEASANT DISTRESS) Peasants comprised over ___/5 of France's ___ million people
-4/5 -26
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The Third Estate: comprised __% of the population
-95%
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FRANCE VERSUS AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA) The Legislative Assembly declared war against ___ and ____ in April 1792, thus beginning _____.
-Austria and Prussia -the War of the First Coalition
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: FRANCE) The French Revolution replaced the ___ with a ___. "The Declaration of the Rights of Man" and of the Citizen became a foundational document for_____. France became the first nation to______.
-Bourbon monarchy -republic -the cause of liberty and human rights -grant universal male suffrage
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) Moderates comprised a large group in the ____ (name seating section).
-Center
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE WOMEN'S MARCH TO VERSAILLES, OCTOBER 1789) ______ in Paris sparked yet another popular explosion. On October 5, 1789, a crowd of ______ (what did they do?).
-Food shortages -several thousand hungry, angry, and desperate women marched 12 miles from Paris to Versailles.
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE CIVIL CONSTITUTION OF THE CLERGY, AUGUST 1790) This act, passed by the National Assembly, did the following (3)...
-Confiscated the lands owned by the Roman Catholic Church -Decreed that bishops and priests would be elected by the people and paid by the state -Required the clergy to take a loyalty oath to support the new government
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: EUROPEAN REACTION) The English statesman _____ offered a conservative critique of the French Revolution. (A) warned that mob rule would lead to ___ and ultimately _____. To many moderate Europeans, the September massacres and the execution of Louis XVI vindicated (justified) ______.
-Edmund Burke -anarchy -military dictatorship -Burke's dire predictions
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC THREATS) ___, ___, ___, and ___ joined with Prussia and Austria. In the spring of 1793, First Coalition armies ______.
-England, Spain, Holland, and Sardinia joined with Prussia and Austria -converged on France
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE TENNIS COURT OATH, JUNE 1789) Abbé Sieyès, _____(who was this)_____, became _______. In a bold pamphlet, he asked _____(quote)_____? Sieyès' pointed questions and forceful answers emboldened _____ and energized ______.
-a previously unknown clergyman -the Third Estate's leading spokesman -"What is the Third Estate? Everything. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it want to be? Something." -members of the Third Estate -energized the push for reform at the Estates General
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC THREATS) _____ also threatened the National Convention. ___ and ___ rebelled against the tyranny of radical Jacobins
-Internal strife (conflict) -Girondists and royalist Catholics
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) Radicals who distrusted the king and wanted the Revolution to continue sat to the ____. (name seating section).
-Left
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FRANCE VERSUS AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA) Who issued the Declaration of Pillnitz (August 1791)? What did it declare?
-Leopold II of Austria and Frederick William Il of Prussia -declared that the restoration of absolutism in France was of "common interest to all sovereigns of Europe."
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REIGN OF TERROR) The execution of ______ did not solve the National Convention's problems. _____ still threatened France's borders. The Jacobins also had thousands of enemies within France itself- (list 3 groups)
-Louis XVI -Foreign armies -peasants horrified by the beheading of the king, priests who refused to accept government controls, and rival leaders who stirred up rebellion outside of Paris
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN) ln 1792, _____ published "A Vindication of the Rights of Women". She argued that _____. This is created by....
-Mary Wollstonecraft -women are not naturally inferior to men -The appearance of inferiority is created by a lack of education.
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE "NATION IN ARMS") The levée en masse created ______. This marked the first example of....
-a national military based upon mass participation -the complete mobilization of a country for war
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE TENNIS COURT OATH, JUNE 1789) This dispute represented more than _______. It marked a struggle for __________ between _________.
-a struggle over procedure -power between those who wanted to preserve their privileges and those who wanted a more equal and open society.
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN) In 1791, ______ composed a Declaration of the Rights In Women in which she declared, ______. She further insisted that ______.
-Olympe de Gouges -"Woman is born free and lives or woto men in her rights." -"male and female citizens being equal in the eyes of the law, must be equally admitted to all honors, positions, and public employment."
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: THE SECOND FRENCH REVOLUTION) Faced with defeat, recruits rushed to ___ singing ____, a stirring appeal to save ___ from tyranny. The rejuvenated French forces stopped ____, thus saving the ____.
-Paris -the Marseillaise (French National Anthem) -France -the Austro-Prussian army -Revolution
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PEASANT DISTRESS) What did peasants lose half of their income to? They paid feudal dues to... (3) In addition, they paid a ___ tax called the taille and performed___ _____ called the corvée. Although they paid most of the taxes, the peasants received ____ services in return
-Peasants lost half their income to taxes. -nobles, tithes to the church, and royal taxes to the king's agents. -land tax -forced labor -few
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) Conservatives who favored a constitutional monarchy made up the ____ (name seating section).
-Right
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REIGN OF TERROR) Led by _____, the Committee of Public Safety exercised _____ as it carried out a ______
-Robespierre -dictatorial power -Reign of Terror
(THE DIRECTORY, 1795-1799: BOURGEOISIE MISRULE) The government consisted of _____ and an ____ of five men known as the ____.
-a two-house legislature -executive body -Directory
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: REFORMS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY) The National Assembly DID NOT (abolish, give)
-abolish private property -give women the right to vote
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) Name the three estates
-The First Estate: the clergy -The Second Estate: the nobility -The Third Estate: everyone else
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE STORMING OF THE BASTILLE) The fall of the Bastille marked _______ against ______. It also pushed Paris to ________.
-an important symbolic act -against royal despotism -the forefront of the ongoing revolution
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) The Left was divided into two groups (list them)
-The Jacobins -The Girondists
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: HAITI) The successful slave uprising led to the founding of ______ that was both ____ and ruled by ___ and ____.
-an independent state -free from slavery -non-whites and former captives
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: THE SECOND FRENCH REVOLUTION) _____ once again exploded in Paris. Convinced that royalists would betray the Revolution, mobs of sans-culottes ________. These "September massacres" marked the beginning of ____ dominated by ___.
-Violence -executed over a thousand priests, bourgeoisie, and aristocrats -a second French Revolution -radicals
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: HAITI) Haiti was _____. The island's ____ made it the most profitable French colony in the world
-a French colony called Saint-Domingue (later named Haiti) -lucrative sugar plantations
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: CALLING THE ESTATES GENERAL) By the spring of 1789, the imminent threat of _____ confronted Louis XVI with a grave crisis. His finance ministers hoped to avoid (A) by _______. However, the nobles refused to _____ unless the king ______, which had not met since ____. Louis reluctantly _____ on ______
-bankruptcy -taxing the nobles -pay taxes unless the king called a meeting of the Estates General, which had not met since 1614 -summoned representatives of the three estates to meet at Versailles -May 5, 1789
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE WOMEN'S MARCH TO VERSAILLES, OCTOBER 1789) The poissardes, or Parisian market women demanded ______.
-cheap bread and insisted that the royal family move to Paris
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE CIVIL CONSTITUTION OF THE CLERGY, AUGUST 1790) It is important to note that Pope Pius VI ____ the act and that over half of the clergy refused to ______. Alienated Catholics proved to be ______
-condemned (declared unfit for use) -take the oath of allegiance -persistent opponents of the French Revolution
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: ARISTOCRATIC PRIVILEGE) The nobles refused to __________. They were determined to maintain and even increase their ______ and ____.
-consider making sacrifices of any kind -political power and economic privileges
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE TENNIS COURT OATH, JUNE 1789) Faced with _______, the Third Estate ____ by declaring ______. Locked out of their official meeting place, the Third Estate deputies ______ where they took an oath _______.
-continued royal resistance -defied the king -itself the National Assembly of France -gathered in an indoor tennis court -"never to separate, and to meet wherever circumstances might require, until a constitution should be firmly established."
(THE DIRECTORY, 1795-1799: BOURGEOISIE MISRULE) Dominated by rich bourgeoisie, the Directory proved to be _______.
-corrupt and unpopular
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: REFORMS OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY) The National Assembly (created, divided, established, abolished, abolished)...
-created a constitutional monarchy -divided France into 83 departments governed by elected officials -established the metric system of measurement -abolished internal tariffs -abolished guilds
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE) Robespierre and his supporters launched a _____ designed to _____. Their campaign to ______ affected all aspects of French life. For example (list 2)...
-cultural revolution -create a "Republic of Virtue" -"republicanize everything" -the figure of Liberty appeared on coins, bills, and letterheads. -Decks of cards no longer had kings, queens, and jacks. Instead, they had cards called liberties, equalities, and fraternities.
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE) The elimination of Sunday was part of a campaign of ____ that included both ___ and ____churches. What did Zealous Jacobins do?
-de-Christianization -Catholic and Protestant churches -dismantled church bells and beheaded medieval statues of kings on the façade of Notre Dame cathedral
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI) After a contentious debate, the National Convention passed a resolution condemning Louis XVI to ____. The resolution passed by ___ vote
-death -one
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PEASANT DISTRESS) Overburdened peasants lived at the edge of _____. What led to sharp increases in the price of bread? The rising cost of bread was a major cause of _____
-destitution (extreme poverty) -Grain shortages -discontent (dissatisfaction)
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: THE UNITED STATES) America's founders hoped that the new republic would avoid _____. However, Alexander Hamilton's financial program stimulated the formation of _____.
-developing permanent political parties -two political factions-Hamilton's Federalists and Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The First Estate: The French clergy paid no _____. Instead, they gave the government a "free gift" of about ____% of their income.
-direct taxes -2%
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE "NATION IN ARMS") While the Terror crushed ____, Robespierre turned to the danger posed by ______. In 1793, the Committee Public Safety proclaimed a "levée en masse" decreeing _____.
-domestic dissent -the First Coalition -compulsony military service for all able-bodied men aged 18 to 25
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: BOURGEOISE DISCONTENT) Discontented members of the French bourgeoise wanted a more _____ government, a larger voice in ________, and a more open society
-efficient -political affairs -open
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN) French laws ______ contradicted the soaring ideals announced in the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen"
-excluding women from voting and holding office
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: CALLING THE ESTATES GENERAL) Both Louis XV and Louis XVI enjoyed ______ lifestyles that created ______
-extravagant -a massive public debt
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REIGN OF TERROR) Faced with ______ and the threat of _____, the National Convention established the Committee of Public Safety to ______.
-foreign invaders and the threat of domestic rebellion -defend France and safeguard the Revolution
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789) The Declaration provided for...(4)
-freedom of religion -freedom from arbitrary arrest -freedom of speech and the press -the right to petition the government
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REIGN OF TERROR) The ____ quickly became the supreme symbol of the Terror. In the name of creating a Republic of Virtue, Robespierre executed (3 and one specific person)
-guillotine -the queen, his chief rivals, and thousands of "dangerous" class enemies including Olympe de Gouges
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI) The National Convention then had to decide Louis XVI's fate. Girondists favored _____ while the Jacobins demanded _______.
-imprisonment -that he be executed as a tyrant and a traitor
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN) French women did gain ____(2)__. However, male revolutionaries reacted _____ to the idea of female political participation. As a result, _____.
-increased rights to inherit property and to divorce -disdainfully -women did not gain the right to vote or to hold office.
(THE DIRECTORY, 1795-1799: THE FALL OF THE DIRECTORY) Public discontent mounted as the Directory failed to deal with... (3)
-inflation, food shortages, and corruption
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE THERMIDORIAN REACTION) The Committee of Public Safety successfully crushed _____ and defeated ______. Despite these victories, Robespierre continued to ____
-internal dissent (different opinions) -the First Coalition. -pursue his fanatical dream of creating a Republic of Virtue
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789) The Declaration further established the principle that ____ could be made and ___ levied (imposed) only by ______. The ____, not the ____, was sovereign.
-laws -taxes -the citizens or their representatives -The nation -the king
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE "NATION IN ARMS") The French forces posed as ____ who abolished ____ as they spread their revolutionary message of _____.
-liberators -feudal dues -liberty and equality
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PHILOSOPHE CRITICISM) The philosophes advanced a message of _____ and _____ that undermined _____, who ruled by ______.
-liberty and equality -the legitimacy of French monarchs -divine right
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE) As believers in reason, the Jacobins wanted to ______. How did they do this? Give example. Why were Sundays not included in the new calendar?
-make their calendar scientific -They divided the year into 12 months of 30 days and gave each month a new, "reasonable" name -October was renamed Brumaire of Fog Month. -no Sundays because the radicals considered religion a bastion of superstition
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: FRANCE) The French Revolution played a key role in the rise of _____. French citizens no longer identified themselves as _____. Instead, they _____.
-modern nationalism -members of an estate -pledged allegiance to their nation above other individual or group interests
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE TENNIS COURT OATH, JUNE 1789) Members of the First and Second Estates assumed that each estate would receive ____ vote. This traditional would enable them to ________.
-one -impose their will on the Third Estate
(THE DIRECTORY, 1795-1799: THE FALL OF THE DIRECTORY) On November 9, 1799, an ambitious and talented young general named Napoleon Bonaparte...
-overthrew the Directory and seized power
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE "NATION IN ARMS") Motivated by ____ and led by a corps of talented young officers that included _____, France's citizen-soldiers defeated _____.
-patriotism -Napoleon Bonaparte -the First Coalition's professional armies
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE THREE ESTATES) The Third Estate: included a diverse group of _____ (5). Those in this group resented _____ privileges
-peasant farmers, urban workers, middle-class shopkeepers, wealthy merchants, and successful lawyers -aristocratic
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789) The Declaration was a landmark in the fight against ______
-privilege and despotism
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN) Politically active women ___, ___, and petitioned ___ to demand ____.
-published pamphlets -organized clubs -petitioned the National Assembly to demand more rights and a greater voice in public affairs.
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE WOMEN'S MARCH TO VERSAILLES, OCTOBER 1789) Fearing for his safety, Louis XVI ______. On October 6, 1789, the royal family _______ accompanied by _______. The royal family established themselves in a palace located ________. A few days later, the deputies of the National Assembly moved to ____.
-quickly capitulated (surrendered) -left Versailles -a triumphant crowd of shouting poissardes -at the center of Paris -Paris
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE THERMIDORIAN REACTION) Fearing for their lives and yearning for stability, the National Convention ____ how?
-reasserted its authority by executing Robespierre
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: BOURGEOISE DISCONTENT) The steady growth in commerce brought bourgeoise merchants ________. However, their growing (A) did not translate into either ____ or _____. Discontented bourgeoise began to view the privileged nobles as ____ who _______.
-rising profits -political power or social status -"parasites" WHO contributed little to the French economy while erecting barriers social mobility
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE STORMING OF THE BASTILLE) Determined to reassert ______, Louis XVI ordered _______ to ______.
-royal authority -a mercenary army of Swiss guards TO march toward Paris and Versailles
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PHILOSOPHE CRITICISM) Philosophes argued that France's rigid social structure violated every ______ by maintaining ________ that protected the privileges of _________
-rule of reason -by maintaining an outdated status quo -that protected the privileges of a favored few
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI) Supported by the _____, the Jacobins branded the Girondins as ___ and ousted them from ___.
-sans-culottes -counterrevolutionaries -the National Convention
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE STORMING OF THE BASTILLE) In Paris, angry mobs were already protesting the _______. As tensions rose, a mob _______. The mob _______.
-soaring price of bread -stormed the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison -freed a handful of prisoners and seized the Bastille's supply of gunpowder and weapons
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: PHILOSOPHE CRITICISM) The French philosophes believed that human reason would inevitably lead to __________.
-social progress
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: WESTERN EUROPE) France's rejuvenated army conquered __(5)__. They promptly abolished ____.
-the Austrian Netherlands, the Dutch Republic, areas of Germany on the left bank of the Rhine River, Switzerland, and most of Italy -feudal privileges and taxes
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789) The National Assembly adopted ______ on _____. Written primarily by ___ and the ____ (in consultation with ______ who was in Paris at the time), the Declaration embodied _______ of ____ (3)
-the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen -August 26, 1789 -Abbé Sieyès and the Marquis de Lafayette (in consultation with Thomas Jefferson who was in Paris at the time) -the Enlightenment principles of natural rights, limited government, and religious toleration
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: THE UNITED STATES) The outbreak of _____ further deepened these (political party) divisions. Hamilton and his supporters were outspoken supporters of ___ and opponents of ___. In contrast, Jefferson and his supporters were openly pro-____. These differences played a key role in the formation of ____.
-the French Revolution -Hamilton: supporters of Great Britain and opponents of France -Jefferson: pro-French -America's two-party system
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: EUROPEAN REACTION) At first, European liberals supported ____ and applauded _____.
-the French Revolution -the fall of the Old Regime
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: THE SECOND FRENCH REVOLUTION) During the summer of 1792, radicals called sans-culottes (literally "without breeches") took control of _______. The revolutionary Paris Commune intimidated ____ and issuing ____. This new body would then form a more ___ government.
-the Paris Commune (city government) -the Legislative Assembly into deposing Louis XVI -a call for the election of a national convention -democratic
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: THE TENNIS COURT OATH, JUNE 1789) The Tennis Court Oath marked ________. In effect, the Third Estate deputies proclaimed _______ and ______.
-the beginning of the French Revolution -an end to absolute monarchy -the beginning of representative government.
(THE ESTATES GENERAL: CALLING THE ESTATES GENERAL) The cost of fighting the Seven Years' War and financing the American War for Independence dramatically worsened _______
-the financial crisis
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: HAITI) The soaring ideals of the French Revolution inspired ______. Toussaint L'Ouverture emerged as a ____ who played a key role in _____.
-the island's slaves and free people of color to demand their freedom -charismatic leader -helping Haitians win their independence
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI) The newly elected National Convention abolished ____ and declared that _____. Women could not ___, however, despite ______.
-the monarchy -France was now a republic in which every adult citizen had the right to vote and hold office -vote -the important role they had already played in the Revolution
(THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, 1789-1791: THE WOMEN'S MARCH TO VERSAILLES, OCTOBER 1789) Like the fall of the Bastille, the women's march to Versailles demonstrated _______.
-the newfound power of ordinary people to influence the course of historic events.
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FRANCE VERSUS AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA) The war (War of the First Coalition) began badly for _____. By the summer of 1792, _____ were advancing toward ____.
-the poorly equipped French armies -Austrian and Prussian armies -Paris
(THE NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1792-1795: THE THERMIDORIAN REACTION) Robespierre's death ended ______. On the new revolutionary calendar, July was called ____ from the French word for "heat." Hence, the revolt against Robespierre is called the _____.
-the radical phase of the French Revolution -Thermidor -Thermidorian reaction
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) Members of the Legislative Assembly sat _____. The political terms ______ are derived from this seating arrangement.
-together in separate sections of the meeting hall -right, center, and left
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: ARISTOCRATIC PRIVILEGE) French nobles enjoyed a position of ________. For example, nobles were except from _________. Every bishop in France was of ____ birth and only nobles could receive __________.
-unrivaled privilege -paying taxes -noble -commissions in the army
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) The Left: The Girondists, what did they want? What did they favor?
-wanted to involve France in a war that would discredit the monarchy and extend France's revolutionary ideals across Europe -favored using war to spread French revolutionary ideals
(THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, 1791-1792: FACTIONS IN THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY) The Left: The Jacobins, what did they want? List Key leaders (3) Who was importantly not a Jacobin?
-wanted to overthrow the monarchy and create a republic. -Key Jacobin leaders included: Jean-Paul Marat, Georges-Jacques Danton, and Maximilien de Robespierre. -Marquis de Lafayette was NOT a Jacobin
(TENSIONS IN THE OLD REGIME: ROYAL INEPTITUDE) Louis XV (reigned 1715-1774) was a ____ and _____ ruler
-weak and indecisive
(MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1799: WESTERN EUROPE) The people living in France's "sister republics" originally greeted the French as _____. However, as France's rule became more and more oppressive, people began to _____ and become more aware of ______.
-welcome liberators -resent the French -their own national identity
