Chapter 18: The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes

20. Which of the following is a true statement with respect to fallopian tubes? A. The most common location for and ectopic pregnancy is in the infundibulum. B. The fallopian tube is usually only identified if there is an obstruction and it is distended with fluid. C. Infection of the fallopian tube is called pelvic inflammatory disease. D. Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube should be considered whenever a solid mass is identified within the adnexa.

B. The fallopian tube is usually only identified if there is an obstruction and it is distended with fluid.

10. A 60-year-old female patient presents with elevated estrogen levels, ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion. What is the most likely diagnosis for the ovarian tumor? A. Meigs syndrome B. Thecoma C. Granulosa cell tumor D. Endometrioid tumor

B. Thecoma

3. Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a normal ovary? A. <15 mL volume, hypoechoic to myometrium with multiple anechoic follicles B. >15 mL volume, hyperechoic to the myometrium with multiple anechoic follicles C. >4 cm maximal diameter with presence of peripheral follicles in string of pearls arrangement D. Hypoechoic, almond-shaped mass in adnexa with high impedance blood flow pattern RI > 2.0

A. <15 mL volume, hypoechoic to myometrium with multiple anechoic follicles

11. Which of the following is a transitional cell tumor that often resembles a uterine fibroid? A. Brenner tumor B. Fibroma C. Thecoma D. Granulosa cell tumor

A. Brenner tumor

18. Which of the following tumors is composed of germ cells and patients present with elevated alpha-fetoprotein? A. Endodermal sinus tumor B. Endometrioid tumor C. Krukenberg tumor D. Dysgerminoma

A. Endodermal sinus tumor

8. What is the term used to describe a cyst located in the broad ligament? A. Follicular retention cyst B. Theca lutein cyst C. Paraovarian cyst D. Corpus luteal cyst

C. Paraovarian cyst

9. What is the most common benign ovarian tumor that results from the retention of an unfertilized ovum? A. Sebaceous cyst B. Dermoid C. Thecoma D. Granulosa cell tumor

B. Dermoid

6. What happens to the corpus luteum if a pregnancy occurs? A. It resolves by the 6th week of pregnancy. B. It can reach a size of up to 10 cm but should resolve by 16 weeks of gestation. C. Production of hCG maintains the corpus luteum throughout the pregnancy. D. It produces estrogen required to maintain the pregnancy.

B. It can reach a size of up to 10 cm but should resolve by 16 weeks of gestation.

17. Which ovarian tumor presents with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and precocious puberty if it presents in a child? A. Androblastoma B. Endodermal sinus tumor C. Yolk sac tumor D. Dysgerminoma

D. Dysgerminoma

14. Which malignant ovarian tumor is often associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei? A. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma B. Serous cystadenocarcinoma C. Krukenberg tumor D. Androblastoma

A. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

15. What ovarian neoplasm is a result of metastases of a gastrointestinal cancer? A. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor B. Krukenberg tumor C. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma D. Granulosa cell tumor

B. Krukenberg tumor

5. Which of the following best describes a thick-walled cystic mass with internal echoes that was demonstrated on day 20 of the menstrual cycle and resolved by day 5 of the following cycle? A. Follicle B. Follicular retention cyst C. Corpus luteum D. Hemorrhagic cyst

C. Corpus luteum

19. Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of ovarian torsion? A. Enlarged, hypoechoic ovaries with complete absence of blood flow in an area of the ovary. B. Complete absence of blood flow in a small atrophic ovary. C. Diminished blood flow along with enlarged hypoechoic ovary with peripheral follicles. D. Trace-free fluid in contralateral adnexa.

C. Diminished blood flow along with enlarged hypoechoic ovary with peripheral follicles.

4. A sonogram of a postpubertal woman demonstrated a 5-cm simple cyst on the left ovary. A follow-up exam 3 months later demonstrates a normal ovary. What do these findings likely represent? A. Resolution of corpus luteum B. Resolution of endometriosis C. Resolution of a follicular retention cyst D. Resolution of a hemorrhagic cyst

C. Resolution of a follicular retention cyst

16. A 25-year-old patient presented with hirsutism and abnormal periods. Sonography demonstrated a solid, complex ovarian mass. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Leiomyosarcoma B. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor C. Thecoma D. Dysgerminoma

B. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

13. An asymptomatic patient presents with bilateral large anechoic lesions that contain septations and papillary projections. What does this most likely represent? A. Cystic teratoma B. Endometrioma C. Mucinous cystadenoma D. Serous cystadenoma

D. Serous cystadenoma

2. A patient presents with mittelschmerz. Sonography demonstrated a small amount of free fluid in the right adnexa. What is the likely cause? A. Ovulation B. Ruptured hemorrhagic cyst C. Rupture of nabothian cyst D. Rupture of endometrioma

A. Ovulation

1. When scanning the female pelvis to observe the ovaries, where will they never be located? A. Vesicouterine pouch B. Posterior cul-de-sac C. Rectouterine space D. Pouch of Douglas

A. Vesicouterine pouch

12. Which pelvic mass presents sonographically as a cystic mass with homogenous low-level internal echoes? A. Fibroma B. Brenner tumor C. Granulosa cell tumor D. Endometrioma

D. Endometrioma

7. Which of the following is false with respect to theca lutein cysts? A. They are found when hCG levels are decreased. B. Patients presenting with multiple gestations or gestational trophoblast disease have a higher risk of developing theca lutein cysts. C. Sonographically, theca lutein cysts present as bilateral large multiloculated ovarian cystic masses. D. Hyperemesis and pelvic fullness often present with theca lutein cysts.

A. They are found when hCG levels are decreased.