Chapter 18, Urinary System, Understanding A&P

Two layers of epithelial cells that envelop the glomerulus in an open-ended covering; also called a glomerular capsule

Bowman's capsule

Wall of the bladder

Detrusor muscle

A series of _________ arise from smaller arteries in the cortex

afferent arterioles

A tough, fibrous __________ surrounds each kidney

capsule

Receives drainage from the distal convoluted tubules of several different nephrons; eventually drains into a minor calyx

collecting duct

The base of each pyramid faces outward toward the

cortex

The secretion of large amounts of urine

diuresis

Cluster of capillaries that are part of the renal corpuscles in the nephrons

glomerulus

Each afferent arteriole branches into a cluster of capillaries called ___

glomerulus

Blood vessels, nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney from the ________

hilum

Structures (such as blood vessels, the ureters and nerves) enter and leave the kidney through a slit called the _________

hilum

The _________ is located in a concave notch on the medial side

hilum

More than 20% of the blood pumped by the heart each minute goes to the _____

kidney

They are retroperitoneal (posterior to the parietal peritoneum)

kidneys

Two or three minor calyces join together to form a _________

major calyx

Urination is called

micturition

The renal papilla extends into a cup called ____

minor calyx

Loops from the ______ dip into the inner region (the medulla)

nephron

______ the filtration units of the kidney, primarily lie in the kidney's outer region (the cortex)

nephrons

The calyx collects urine leaving the ______

papilla

The kidneys lie against the ______

posterior abdominal wall

The __________ (which branches off the abdominal aorta) brings blood to the kidney

renal artery

Extensions from the renal cortex called __________, divide the interior into cone-shaped sections called renal pyramids

renal columns

One of the main components of nephrons, consisting of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, that filters blood plasma

renal corpuscles

________ forms the outer region of the kidney

renal cortex

The interior consists of the __________ and _________

renal cortex, renal medulla

_____ forms the inner region of the kidney

renal medulla

the point of the pyramid is called ________, faces the hilum

renal papilla

Measurement that indicates the amount of solid matter in a liquid

specific gravity

Process whereby chemicals are removed from filtrate in the renal tubules and returned to the blood

tubular resorption

Muscular tubes connecting the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder

ureters

Network of capillaries surrounding the renal tubules

peritubular capillaries

U-shaped portion of the renal tubule

Loop of Henle

The major calyces converge to form the _________, which receives urine from the major calyces

renal pelvis

Series of tube-like structures within the nephrons; where urine is formed

renal tubules

Blood leaves the kidney through the _______, which empties into the inferior vena cava

renal vein

Enzyme released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood pressure that causes the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

renin

Process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate in the renal tubules

tubular secretion

The renal pelvis continues as the _________, which channels urine to the urinary bladder

ureter

Small tube that conveys urine away from the bladder and out of the body

urethra

The ________ system consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

urinary

Collapsible muscular sac that stores urine

urinary bladder

Concave notch on the medial side of kidney; where blood vessels, the ureters, and nerves enter and leave the kidney

hilum

The renal tubule straightens out and dips into the medulla before turning sharply and returning to the cortex. This entire segment, which consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb is called

loop of Henle

hormone that causes the distal convoluted tubule to retain sodium, which leads to the retention of water, resulting in increased blood pressure

aldosterone

A plasma protein produced when renin is released from the kidney; angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone

angiotensin

Hormone that inhibits diuresis by stimulating the kidneys to conserve water

antidiuretic hormone

A cup-like structure that collects urine leaving the papilla of the kidney

calyx