Chapter 18 Vocab and the Age of the city

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Graft

Is the illegal use of political power for personal gain. When the votes could not be bought by people, they would do graft and commit fraud. Voters vote twice, dead people vote, fake names

William M. Tweed (Boss Tweed)

One of the most famous top man in a political machine was called the city "Boss." This person ran a political machine that had control of New York City's government.

"Street Arabs"

Poor children in the cities, orphans, and runaways, scrounging for food; attracted the most attention from reformers

Tenement

are urban dwellings occupied by impoverished families. They are apartment houses that barely meet or fail to meet the minimum standards of safety, sanitation, and comfort

Tammy Hall

most famous political machine, run by william boss tweed. Tammy halls fraud and graft was over the top ___________was a political force in New York City. Although its popularity stemmed from a willingness to help the city's poor and immigrant populations, Tammany Hall became known for charges of corruption levied against leaders such as William M. "Boss" Tweed.

Jacob Riis

notable American newspaper reporter, social reformer, and photographer. His most famous work, How the Other Half Lives (1890), shed light on the plight of the slums in New York City, documenting the squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s. Jacob Riis's remarkable study of the horrendous living conditions of the poor in New York City had an immediate and extraordinary impact on society, inspiring reforms that affected the lives of millions of people.

Urban Machine

organizations try to gain control of government and control of $, get the vote of poor immigrants to elect their own people to office

political machine

organized groups of dishonest politicians who had two main goals: Get the group's own candidates elected to all of the top jobs in the city government. Once in control of the city government, use that power to make the leaders of the organization rich.

Urbanization

the increasing proportion of a country's population living within urban areas which are expressed in a percentage or ratio of the total population.

Assimilation

the process of adapting or adjusting to the culture of a group or nation, or the state of being so adapted: assimilation of immigrants into American life.