Chapter 19 APUSH

What entrepreneur donated money that was used to found more than a thousand libraries across the United States?

Andrew Carnegie

Which city was the first to build an underground railroad line?

Boston

What was significant about the formation of the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) in the early twentieth century?

Bridging of class lines

Which technological innovation transformed urban nightlife in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Electric wiring

Which of the following helped found symphony orchestras and opera companies in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Elites

Why was Margaret Sanger indicted for publishing her newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" in the 1910s?

Her frank discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws.

What impact did city politics have on immigrant communities in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Integrated them into urban society

In the late nineteenth century, many cities cut death rates from typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera by instituting what?

New sewage and drainage systems

What allowed engineers and planners in the second half of the nineteenth century to develop a new urban geography in the United States?

New technologies

Joseph Pulitzer worked in which industry in the late nineteenth century?

Newspaper

To which political party did the American reform mayors of the early twentieth century belong?

No particular party

In the early 1900s, a baby born to a Slavic woman in an American city had what chance of dying in infancy?

One in 3

Why were audiences at the Metropolitan Opera in New York shocked by an opera presented there in 1907?

The Metropolitan performed the sexually scandalous opera Salome.

Which subculture emerged in American cities in the late nineteenth century and offered a dramatic challenge to Victorian ideals?

The gay community

During the depression of the 1890s, what percentage of working-class Americans was unemployed?

Up to 25 percent

To what does the term "private city" refer in historians' discussions of urban life in the United States in the late nineteenth century?

Urban areas shaped by individuals and profit-seeking businesses

What did Florence Kelley hope to achieve through her leadership of the National Consumers' League (NCL)?

Worker protection

How did adoption of steam power change manufacturing in the middle and late nineteenth century?

By vastly expanding scale

What form of government did the leaders of the National Municipal League advise cities in the United States to institute in the early twentieth century?

A city manager system

What was the Triangle factory fire?

A sweatshop fire that resulted in the deaths of nearly 150 people

How did the citizens of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, try to bring innovative reforms to their city around the turn of the nineteenth century?

By electing Socialists to city government

How did the development of outlying suburbs in the middle and late nineteenth century change the social structure of cities?

By separating well-off suburbanites from working-class urbanites

Which city suffered a terrible fire in 1871?

Chicago

What was America's best-known amusement park around 1900?

Coney Island

Which statement describes living conditions in New York City's Eleventh Ward at the turn of the nineteenth century?

Crowding was a serious problem in tenements.

What distinguished the new "vertical aesthetic" of the Chicago school in the late nineteenth century?

Designs that expressed rather than masked structure and function

What city was struck by a violent hurricane in 1900, leading to a major reform of its city government structure?

Galveston, Texas

What innovation did Detroit mayor Hazen Pingree offer to address the problems of the depression of the 1890s?

Giving city land for urban gardens

How did reform-minded businessman Tom Johnson recapture the political support of Cleveland's working class in the early twentieth century?

He advocated public ownership of city utilities.

How did Henry Huntington expand the suburban ideal in southern California in the early twentieth century?

He used his family's fortune to buy up real estate and subdivide it into lots.

Which ethnic group was the largest in Boston in the late nineteenth century?

Irish

Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time?

It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable

Why was the reform effort aimed at wiping out urban prostitution in the early twentieth century shortsighted?

It ignored the multiple factors that led women to prostitution.

How did the city of Chicago address its sewage problem around the turn of the century?

It reversed the course of the Chicago River

What accounted for the popularity of ragtime music in the United States in the 1890s?

Its decisive break with Victorian music

Who founded Hull House in 1889 in Chicago as part of the settlement movement?

Jane Addams

What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices

What was the ultimate basis for the cohesion of urban political machines?

Party loyalty

Which of the following bore primary responsibility for developing the infrastructure of late-nineteenth-century American cities?

Private enterprise

What did the New York Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt mean by "honest graft"?

Profiting from insider status

What was the main feature of the "yellow journalism" of Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and other newspaper publishers of the late nineteenth century?

Sensational stories

The settlement houses that emerged in early-twentieth-century cities pioneered what new occupational field?

Social Work

The dominance of private development in U.S. cities and the preference for business solutions to city needs are expressed in what concept?

The "private city"

After running their Chicago settlement house for a few years, what did Jane Addams and her colleagues believe the working-class people they served needed?

The resources and political voice to improve their lives

Which institution of progressivism offered a laboratory to experiment with solving social problems?

The settlement movement

Why did audiences enjoy the vaudeville, an urban entertainment that emerged in the 1880s and 1890s?

The variety of entertainment types

Why were women more vulnerable than men in the new system of dating that emerged in American cities around the turn of the nineteenth century?

They earned less than men, making them vulnerable to gifts in exchange for sex.

Why were skyscrapers an impetus to urban development?

They made it possible to crowd more work and living space into a given area.

Why did most black men and women who migrated to the large cities of the North between 1880 and 1917 end up working in the service sector?

They were routinely rejected from other jobs

In what way was the power of city governments limited?

They were subject to state law

What was the purpose of the phenomenon that took shape in the United States in the late nineteenth century and came to be known as progressivism?

To combat the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization in the United States

Why did journalist Upton Sinclair write his 1904 novel The Jungle?

To expose labor exploitation in Chicago's meatpacking plants

Why did music publishing agents spend so much time in urban beer gardens and dance halls in the United States after the 1890s?

To have their musicians test their songs on the audiences there

Beginning in the 1850s and accelerating in the late nineteenth century, the spread of railroads in the United States spurred the growth of

suburbs

What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?

Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade

What political boss made Tammany Hall a byword for corruption in the late nineteenth century?

William Marcy Tweed