Chapter 19: Blood Vessels and Circulation

27) After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

D) venules.

8) Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

50) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. A) 210 B) 100 C) 93 D) 105 E) None of the answers is correct.

B) 100

18) Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veins B) venules C) medium veins D) capillaries E) venous valves

B) venules

53) Materials can move across capillary walls by A) diffusion. B) filtration. C) reabsorption. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

161) The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. A) internal iliac B) external iliac C) common iliac D) inferior vena cava E) azygos

B) external iliac

153) The external iliac artery becomes the ________ artery as it enters the lower limbs. A) radial B) femoral C) tibial D) popliteal E) deep femoral

B) femoral

88) The earliest precursor cells that give rise to blood cells are A) angioblasts. B) hemangioblasts. C) reticulocytes. D) lymphoid stem cells. E) osteoblasts.

B) hemangioblasts.

57) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict. D) arterioles dilate. E) All of the answers are correct.

D) arterioles dilate.

81) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) doubles; decreases B) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) None of the answers is correct.

B) reduces; increases

139) The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply. A) adrenal artery B) renal artery C) superior mesenteric artery D) celiac artery E) common iliac artery

B) renal artery

86) The fetal cardinal veins later form the adult A) pulmonary veins. B) superior and inferior vena cavae. C) aorta. D) capillaries. E) umbilical veins.

B) superior and inferior vena cavae.

124) The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein.

B) superior vena cava.

19) The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the A) tunica adventitia. B) tunica media. C) tunica intima. D) tunica externa. E) tunica mater.

B) tunica media.

109) The ________ vein is a deep vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm. A) radial B) ulnar C) cephalic D) basilic E) brachial

B) ulnar

66) When will the blood pressure be greater? A) when the peripheral vessels dilate B) when the peripheral vessels constrict

B) when the peripheral vessels constrict

122) At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular

C) subclavian

138) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the pancreas, the duodenum, and most of the large intestine is the A) gastric artery. B) renal artery. C) superior mesenteric artery. D) celiac artery. E) inferior mesenteric artery.

C) superior mesenteric artery.

117) The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the A) internal jugular vein. B) external jugular vein. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

C) superior vena cava.

90) Vasculogenesis refers to A) the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. B) the development of heart tissue. C) the formation of the first vessels. D) the formation of arteries only. E) the formation of veins only.

C) the formation of the first vessels.

11) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

C) tunica media

6) The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia.

C) tunica media.

105) The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. A) axillary B) digital C) ulnar D) subclavian E) brachiocephalic

C) ulnar

20) Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is A) the left subclavian artery. B) the external carotid artery. C) the brachial artery. D) the femoral artery. E) none of the above.

A) the left subclavian artery.

164) Arteries that directly supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ________ artery. A) tibial B) fibular C) popliteal D) iliac E) femoral

A) tibial

14) Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

A) tunica intima

173) The most common congenital heart defect is A) ventricular septal defect. B) patent foramen ovale. C) tetralogy of Fallot. D) atrioventricular septal defect. E) transposition of the great vessels.

A) ventricular septal defect.

95) Arrange the following vessels in the order in which blood would pass through them 1. pulmonary venules 2. pulmonary trunk 3. pulmonary veins 4. alveolar capillaries 5. pulmonary arterioles 6. pulmonary arteries A) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2, 6 B) 2, 6, 5, 4, 1, 3 C) 4, 6, 3, 2, 1, 5 D) 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 6 E) 6, 7, 4, 1, 3, 2

B) 2, 6, 5, 4, 1, 3

47) As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) pressure drops. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

B) pressure drops.

83) ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for A) a heart attack. B) hypertension. C) a serious hemorrhage. D) prolonged exercise. E) a heavy meal.

C) a serious hemorrhage.

156) Which of these contribute(s) to the formation of the popliteal vein? A) internal iliac B) small saphenous and great saphenous C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular D) peroneal and popliteal E) great saphenous and posterior tibial

C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

104) After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) subclavian E) digital

C) brachial

1) Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

C) capillary

22) RBCs move single file through this structure. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

C) capillary

141) Identify the artery labeled "12." A) axillary B) inferior mesenteric C) celiac trunk D) superior mesenteric E) splenic

C) celiac trunk

111) The ________ vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the radial side of the forearm. A) radial B) ulnar C) cephalic D) basilic E) brachial

C) cephalic

98) All of the veins listed are deep veins except A) superior vena cava. B) internal jugular. C) cephalic. D) femoral. E) anterior tibial.

C) cephalic.

126) The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the A) common carotid artery. B) basal ring. C) cerebral arterial circle. D) external carotid artery. E) arterial bypass.

C) cerebral arterial circle.

143) Identify the arteries labeled "9." A) axillary B) brachiocephalic C) common carotid D) aorta E) brachial

C) common carotid

133) The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) peritoneum E) pleura

C) diaphragm

167) The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal A) foramen ovalis. B) ductus venosus. C) ductus arteriosus. D) umbilical arteries. E) umbilical vein.

C) ductus arteriosus.

25) Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) perforated capillaries. B) discontinuous capillaries. C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum.

C) fenestrated capillaries.

151) Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) hepatic portal vein. D) hepatic vein. E) azygos vein.

C) hepatic portal vein.

64) Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in A) stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center in the brain. B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E) increased heart rate.

C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

135) The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) greater saphenous vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic portal vein. E) innominate vein.

C) inferior vena cava.

103) Major branches of the right subclavian artery include the ________ arteries. A) radial and ulnar B) brachial and deep brachial C) internal thoracic and vertebral D) digital and palmar arches E) left common carotid and brachiocephalic trunk

C) internal thoracic and vertebral

91) Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit

C) lungs.

110) The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the A) ulnar vein. B) radial vein. C) median cubital vein. D) brachial vein. E) cephalic vein.

C) median cubital vein.

154) At the posterior knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery. A) iliac B) deep femoral C) popliteal D) tibial E) peroneal

C) popliteal

26) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum. B) sinusoids. C) precapillary sphincters. D) thoroughfare channel. E) collaterals.

C) precapillary sphincters.

46) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory

C) pulse

147) The ________ vein receives all the venous blood from the kidney. A) hepatic B) adrenal C) renal D) common iliac E) phrenic

C) renal

2) Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle.

C) right atrium.

5) The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called A) venoconstriction. B) venodilation. C) vasoconstriction. D) vasodilation. E) None of the answers is correct.

C) vasoconstriction.

44) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except A) increased sympathetic stimulation. B) elevated levels of epinephrine. C) vasodilation. D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. E) elevated hematocrit.

C) vasodilation.

73) Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to A) carbon dioxide. B) oxygen. C) pH. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct

D) All of the answers are correct.

35) ________ refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system. A) Venous return B) Cardiac output C) Capillary pressure D) Total peripheral resistance E) Vascular resistance

D) Total peripheral resistance

43) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

171) The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is A) ventricular septum defect. B) patent foramen ovale. C) tetralogy of Fallot. D) atrioventricular septal defect. E) transposition of the great vessels.

D) atrioventricular septal defect.

118) After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) axillary E) digital

D) axillary

132) The blood vessel that is formed by the joining of the vertebral arteries and supplies blood to the circle of Willis from the posterior side is the A) internal carotid artery. B) middle cerebral artery. C) anterior communicating artery. D) basilar artery. E) ophthalmic artery.

D) basilar artery.

67) An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to A) increase in heart rate. B) decrease in heart rate. C) decrease in blood pressure. D) both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure. E) both increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

D) both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.

108) The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemi-azygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic

D) brachial

137) The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the A) gastric artery. B) renal artery. C) superior mesenteric artery. D) celiac trunk. E) common iliac artery.

D) celiac trunk.

54) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions. B) concentration of plasma glucose. C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells

D) concentration of plasma proteins.

58) Which of the following factors will not increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A) decreased plasma albumin B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure C) decreased blood colloidal pressure D) decreased net filtration rate E) decreased lymphatic flow

D) decreased net filtration rate

169) The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the A) umbilical vein. B) ductus venosus. C) ductus arteriosus. D) foramen ovale. E) umbilical arteries.

D) foramen ovale.

7) Compared to arteries, veins A) have internal and external elastic membranes. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) are usually round when cut.

D) have thinner walls.

80) All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except A) peripheral vasoconstriction. B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) increase in blood pressure. E) decrease in blood volume

D) increase in blood pressure.

84) After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur? A) increased heart rate B) increase of contractility C) vasoconstriction of the body wall D) venoconstriction of skin vessels E) circulatory shock

E) circulatory shock

87) The fetal dorsal aorta later forms the adult A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) arch of the aorta. D) ascending aorta. E) descending aorta.

E) descending aorta.

163) The most inferior of the following blood vessels is the A) popliteal. B) anterior tibial artery. C) posterior tibial artery. D) fibular artery. E) dorsalis pedis artery.

E) dorsalis pedis artery.

102) The superior vena cava collect blood from the A) head, chest, upper limbs, and lower limbs. B) upper limbs and lower limbs. C) head and chest. D) head, chest, and abdomen. E) head, chest, and upper limbs.

E) head, chest, and upper limbs.

59) The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves all of the following functions except A) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones. B) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries. C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system. D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces. E) increases edema.

E) increases edema.

168) The ductus venosus delivers blood to the A) placenta. B) foramen ovalis. C) aorta. D) right atrium. E) inferior vena cava.

E) inferior vena cava.

165) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) right ventricle. D) left ventricle. E) interatrial septum.

E) interatrial septum.

170) The umbilical arteries branch from the A) thoracic aorta. B) abdominal aorta. C) celiac trunk. D) common iliac arteries. E) internal iliac arteries.

E) internal iliac arteries.

38) Which of the following does not affect blood flow through the body? A) blood viscosity B) vessel diameter C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) kidney disease

E) kidney disease

106) Veins of the upper arm include all of the following veins except the A) basilic vein. B) cephalic vein. C) brachial vein. D) axillary vein. E) median cubital vein.

E) median cubital vein.

131) All of the following is true of the superior sagittal sinus except that it A) is located in the falx cerebri. B) collects blood from the brain. C) converges with the transverse sinus to form the sigmoid sinuses. D) carries deoxygenated blood. E) provides blood to the circle of Willis.

E) provides blood to the circle of Willis.

116) Identify the vein labeled "8." A) superior vena cava B) brachiocephalic C) axillary D) external jugular E) subclavian

E) subclavian

33) These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply. A) systemic arteries B) systemic arterioles C) the heart D) pulmonary circuit vessels E) systemic venous system

E) systemic venous system

10) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

E) tunica externa

114) Identify the vein labeled "15." A) axillary B) brachial C) radial D) basilic E) ulnar

E) ulnar

34) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

E) vein

12) The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

E) veins.

49) Blood pressure is lowest in the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

E) veins.

17) Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava? A) It is considered a large vein. B) It carries oxygenated blood. C) It is colored red in diagrams. D) It lacks a tunica externa. E) It has a very thick tunica media.

A) It is considered a large vein.

52) ________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange. A) Arteries B) Arterioles C) Capillaries D) Venules E) Veins

C) Capillaries

97) All of the vessel names below refer to both an artery and a vein except A) femoral. B) gonadal. C) radial. D) axillary. E) basilic

E) basilic

51) Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries.

E) capillaries.

78) Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate? A) a trained athlete B) an unconditioned adult C) a person with heart failure D) a teenager with a sedentary lifestyle E) an 80-year-old woman

A) a trained athlete

42) In which of the following would the resistance be greater? A) a vessel 10 microns in diameter B) a vessel 1 mm in diameter

A) a vessel 10 microns in diameter

21) Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins

A) arteries

45) Where is blood pressure highest? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

A) artery

113) Identify the vein labeled "9." A) axillary B) brachial C) cephalic D) basilic E) median cubital

A) axillary

134) Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the ________ arteries. A) basilar B) superior phrenic C) esophageal D) bronchial E) intercostal

A) basilar

166) The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located A) between the right atrium and left atrium. B) between the ligamentum arteriosus and the fossa ovalis. C) between the right ventricle and the left ventricle. D) between the fossa ovalis and the ductus arteriosus. E) in the interventricular septum.

A) between the right atrium and left atrium.

96) The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________. A) body organs; right atrium B) lungs; right atrium C) lungs; left atrium D) body organs; left atrium E) lungs; right ventricle

A) body organs; right atrium

144) Identify the artery labeled "6." A) common iliac B) internal iliac C) external iliac D) abdominal aorta E) femoral

A) common iliac

24) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.

A) continuous capillaries.

48) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) doubled. B) halved. C) four times greater. D) 1/4 as much. E) unchanged.

A) doubled.

159) At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the ________ vein. A) femoral B) popliteal C) external iliac D) internal iliac E) inferior vena cava

A) femoral

160) When the popliteal vein reaches the popliteal fossa, it becomes the ________ vein. A) femoral B) posterior tibial C) internal iliac D) external iliac E) fibular

A) femoral

148) Blood is drained from the liver by the A) hepatic vein. B) hepatic portal vein. C) celiac trunk. D) common iliac vein. E) phrenic vein.

A) hepatic vein.

76) A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause A) increased blood pH. B) increased cardiac output. C) increased blood pressure. D) increased stroke volume. E) increased respiratory rate.

A) increased blood pH.

36) Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except A) increased hematocrit. B) increased vessel diameter. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters

A) increased hematocrit.

115) Identify the vein labeled "10." A) inferior vena cava B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary E) thoracic

A) inferior vena cava

128) An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. A) internal carotid B) external carotid C) mental D) azygos E) maxillary

A) internal carotid

74) Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the A) medulla oblongata. B) hypothalamus. C) pons. D) cerebrum. E) cerebellum

A) medulla oblongata.

93) Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart? A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) common carotid artery D) aorta E) superior vena cava

A) pulmonary arteries

63) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) reduced thirst.

A) release of renin.

150) The ________ collects blood from the entire small intestine and two-thirds of the large intestine. A) superior mesenteric vein B) celiac trunk C) intestinal vein D) inferior mesenteric vein E) gastro-epiploic vein

A) superior mesenteric vein

119) Near the carotid sinus, A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch. B) the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries. C) the external carotid forms the internal carotid. D) veins and arteries form anastomoses. E) the aorta gives rise to the common carotids.

A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

89) Angiogenesis refers to A) the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. B) the development of heart tissue. C) the formation of the first vessels. D) the formation of arteries only. E) the formation of veins only.

A) the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

4) Arrange the following structures in the correct order as blood would pass through them. 1. left atrium 2. pulmonary arteries 3. systemic veins 4. right ventricle 5. right atrium 6. pulmonary veins A) 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5 B) 3, 5, 4, 2, 6, 1 C) 2, 6, 4, 5, 3, 1 D) 1, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4 E) 6, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3

B) 3, 5, 4, 2, 6, 1

62) ________ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed. A) Central regulation B) Autoregulation C) Tissue perfusion D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

B) Autoregulation

77) In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false? A) The athlete has a lower resting heart rate. B) Both hearts weigh about the same. C) The athlete has a higher resting stroke volume. D) The athlete has a higher exercise stroke volume. E) The athlete has a higher exercise cardiac output.

B) Both hearts weigh about the same.

30) ________ are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network. A) Sinusoids B) Collaterals C) Anastomoses D) Thoroughfares E) Elastic arteries

B) Collaterals

99) The right and left common iliac arteries branches off of the A) inferior vena cava. B) abdominal aorta. C) thoracic aorta. D) celiac trunk. E) pulmonary trunk.

B) abdominal aorta.

85) Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result of this injury, you would expect to observe all of the following except A) an increased heart rate. B) an increase in cardiac output. C) an increased secretion of renin by the kidneys. D) cold, clammy skin. E) an increased total peripheral resistance.

B) an increase in cardiac output.

69) When renin is released from the kidney, A) angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin I. B) angiotensin I formation is triggered. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases.

B) angiotensin I formation is triggered.

155) Branches of the popliteal artery include the A) femoral artery. B) anterior tibial. C) iliac artery. D) dorsalis pedis. E) plantar arch.

B) anterior tibial.

39) The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.

B) arteriole.

142) Identify the artery labeled "1." A) axillary B) brachiocephalic C) common carotid D) aorta E) brachial

B) brachiocephalic

56) The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure.

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

32) Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves? A) preventing backflow of blood B) channeling blood away from the heart C) channeling blood toward the heart D) permit blood flow in one direction only E) all of the above

B) channeling blood away from the heart

152) Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. A) common carotid B) common iliac C) femoral D) tibial E) popliteal

B) common iliac

41) Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance? A) doubling the length of a blood vessel B) decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2 C) Neither would be greater.

B) decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2

157) Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drain into a(n) A) plantar vein. B) dorsal venous arch. C) small saphenous vein. D) peroneal vein. E) iliac vein.

B) dorsal venous arch.

15) The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

B) elastic

61) The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is A) acetylcholine. B) epinephrine. C) bradykinin. D) tachykinin. E) sympathetic neuropeptide.

B) epinephrine.

9) The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

B) external elastic membrane.

145) The blood vessel that supplies venous blood to the liver is the A) hepatic vein. B) hepatic portal vein. C) celiac trunk. D) common iliac vein. E) phrenic vein.

B) hepatic portal vein.

140) Identify the artery labeled "16." A) axillary B) inferior mesenteric C) celiac D) superior mesenteric E) splenic

B) inferior mesenteric

146) The lower part of the large intestine including the rectum receives blood from the ________ artery. A) adrenal B) inferior mesenteric C) superior mesenteric D) celiac E) common iliac

B) inferior mesenteric

71) Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) activation of aldosterone secretion. E) increased thirst and water intake.

B) inhibition of EPO secretion.

92) Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit.

B) left atrium.

94) An artery delivering blood to the kidney would have ________ blood in it and would be part of the ________ circuit. A) deoxygenated; pulmonary B) oxygenated: systemic C) deoxygenated; coronary D) deoxygenated; systemic E) oxygenated; pulmonary

B) oxygenated: systemic

31) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) valves permitting flow of blood in one direction only. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) skeletal muscle compression.

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

130) Veins of the brain empty into A) coronary sinuses. B) the dural sinuses. C) the circle of Willis. D) carotid arteries. E) vertebral veins.

B) the dural sinuses.

37) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except A) the length of a blood vessel. B) the osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) the flow characteristics. D) blood viscosity. E) blood vessel diameter.

B) the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

136) The bronchial arteries branch from the ________ to supply the lung airways. A) aortic arch B) thoracic aorta C) abdominal aorta D) common carotid artery E) intercostal arteries

B) thoracic aorta

174) What is the order in which fetal blood would pass through the following structures after leaving the heart? 1. pulmonary trunk 2. foramen ovale 3. umbilical arteries 4. umbilical vein 5. ductus venosus 6. right atrium A) 1, 4, 2, 3, 6, 5 B) 4, 3, 1, 2, 6, 5 C) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2 D) 6, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5 E) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6

C) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2

70) Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of angiotensin II. C) increased blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

149) Blood is drained from the lower portion of the large intestine by the A) superior mesenteric vein. B) celiac trunk. C) intestinal vein. D) inferior mesenteric vein. E) gastro-epiploic vein.

D) inferior mesenteric vein.

13) In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

D) internal elastic membrane.

129) Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) innominate D) internal jugular E) external jugular

D) internal jugular

60) Edema is not favored when A) the plasma concentration of albumin is reduced. B) endothelial permeability goes up. C) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. D) interstitial fluid movement increases. E) liver damage decreases production of blood proteins.

D) interstitial fluid movement increases.

29) Sinusoids can be found in the A) skeletal muscle. B) cartilage. C) central nervous system. D) liver. E) epithelia.

D) liver.

75) Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except the A) common carotid artery. B) arch of the aorta. C) medulla oblongata. D) lungs.

D) lungs.

16) The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

D) muscular

162) All of the following ultimately arise from the external iliac artery except the A) deep femoral artery. B) popliteal artery. C) anterior tibial artery. D) obturator artery. E) femoral artery.

D) obturator artery.

65) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction.

D) parasympathetic innervation.

72) Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased A) heart rate. B) cardiac output. C) blood flow to the lungs. D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. E) None of the answers is correct

D) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

172) A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect? A) ventricular septal defect B) atrioventricular septal defect C) tetralogy of Fallot D) patent ductus arteriosus E) transposition of the great vessels

D) patent ductus arteriosus

107) Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? A) azygos B) hemi-azygos C) cephalic D) radial E) basilic

D) radial

3) Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle.

D) right ventricle.

28) The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the A) perforated capillaries. B) discontinuous capillaries. C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.

D) sinusoids.

158) Blood from the dorsal venous arches drains into the ________ vein(s). A) small saphenous B) posterior tibial C) great saphenous D) small saphenous and great saphenous E) small saphenous and posterior tibial

D) small saphenous and great saphenous

112) The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the A) aorta. B) brachial artery. C) common carotid artery. D) subclavian artery. E) ulnar artery.

D) subclavian artery.

100) The cephalic vein merges with the axillary vein to become the A) superior vena cava. B) basilic vein. C) brachial vein. D) subclavian vein. E) axillary vein.

D) subclavian vein.

101) Branches off the aortic arch include all of the following except A) the brachiocephalic trunk. B) the left subclavian artery. C) the left common carotid artery. D) the right subclavian artery E) all of the stated vessels branch off the aortic arch.

D) the right subclavian artery

40) All of the following contributes to turbulent blood flow except A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. B) at high flow rates. C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. D) third and fourth heart sounds. E) when heart valves open.

D) third and fourth heart sounds.

23) The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.

D) venule.

120) All of the vessels listed ultimately arise from the common carotid artery except the A) facial artery. B) occipital artery. C) lingual artery. D) vertebral artery. E) maxillary artery.

D) vertebral artery.

121) The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the A) external jugular vein. B) internal jugular vein. C) facial vein. D) vertebral vein. E) subclavian vein.

D) vertebral vein.

82) To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) increases water intake. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

68) All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except A) Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen. B) Blood flow changes to match tissue responses. C) Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure. D) Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients. E) The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.

E) The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases.

55) Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero

E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero

125) The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the A) circle of Willis. B) common carotid artery. C) external carotid artery. D) internal carotid artery. E) basilar artery

E) basilar artery

127) Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the A) anterior communicating artery. B) anterior cerebral artery. C) posterior communicating artery. D) posterior cerebral artery. E) basilar artery.

E) basilar artery.

79) All of the following occur during exercise except A) vasodilation occurs to the active skeletal muscles. B) venous return increases. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) blood flow to the brain stays relatively constant. E) blood flow to skin decreases.

E) blood flow to skin decreases.

123) The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemi-azygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic

E) brachiocephalic