Chapter 1A Homework: Intro- structural organization, anatomical position, and directional terminology

In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs. True False

False

This branch of anatomy explores how organs and body structures work and assesses the efficiency of their design

Functional morphology

This is the study of body structures that can be examined with the naked eye-bones, lungs, and muscles for example.

Gross anatomy

The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in German and French. Latin and Greek. Russian and Old English. Esperanto.

Latin and Greek

Match the phrases with the correct organizational level Cardiac muscle, connective tissue, and endothelial cells all collecting together to form the human heart The tibia, which is made of connective tissue and nervous tissue A thin layer of cells that collectively form the lining of the lungs to allow for the diffusion of gases Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other organelles compartmentalized into a single structure by phospholipids, forming a single functional unit Carbon, hydrogen, and phosphate coming together to form the phospholipids of a cellular membrane

Organ level: Cardiac muscle, connective tissue, and endothelial cells all collecting together to form the human heart Organ level: The tibia, which is made of connective tissue and nervous tissue Tissue level: A thin layer of cells that collectively form the lining of the lungs to allow for the diffusion of gases Cellular level: Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and other organelles compartmentalized into a single structure by phospholipids, forming a single functional unit Chemical level: Carbon, hydrogen, and phosphate coming together to form the phospholipids of a cellular membrane

This branch of anatomy studies internal body structures by means of MRI, sonography, and other imaging techniques.

Radiographic anatomy

Which of the following best represents an example at the organ level? Smooth muscle in the large intestine Hydrochloric acid Enterocytes (cells that line the small intestine) Digestive enzymes Stomach

Stomach

The smallest living unit is an organ. a cell. a molecule. a human being.

a cell

Someone studying anatomy using the systemic approach could study __________. changes in cells and tissues caused by disease all the digestive organs all the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels of individual areas of the body landmarks on the surface of the body

all the digestive organs

A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of a tissue. a molecule. a cell. an organ.

an organ

Match each term with the correct organizational level neurotransmitters brain brain combined with the spinal cord and spinal nerves neurons nuerons and neuroglial cells

brain - organ level neurons- cellular level neurotransmitters- chemical level neurons and neuroglial cells- tissue level brain combined with the spinal cord and spinal nerves

When many molecules come together to form organelles that become compartmentalized into a single structure that works as a unit, you have an example of the ____

cellular level

Oxygen and hydrogen combine with one another to form water; this is an example of the ___ of organization

chemical level

Arrange the terms by level of complexity from least to most complex, in order from left to right (using images)

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level

List the organizational levels so that they are in the correct order, ranking them from the simplest to the most complex.

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

The words anatomy and dissection both derive from Greek word meaning __________. landmark cut apart functional morphology structure

cut apart

Bones lie __________ to muscles.

deep

Muscles are ________ to the skin. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

deep

The brain is ________ to the skull. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

deep

Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? pathological anatomy developmental anatomy regional anatomy surface anatomy

developmental anatomy

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomical position? the feet are placed at exactly 45 degrees outward it is a visual reference point only used in the various imaging techniques the person is seated with head facing forward directional terminology refers to the body in this position the palms face posteriorly with the thumbs pointed toward the body

directional terminology refers to the body in this position

The ankle lies ________ to the thigh. proximal lateral inferior distal

distal

Which set of orientation and directional terms is NOT correctly matched with its opposite? posterior: anterior contralateral: ipsilateral proximal: distal distal: superior superficial: deep

distal: superior

Knowledge of this branch of anatomy helps one understand the complex design of the adult human body and helps to explain birth defects.

embryology

An example of a tissue in the body is epithelium. a macromolecule. the stomach. a muscle cell.

epithelium

This is the study of microscopic structures including cells, tissues, and microscopic details of organs.

histology

The right nostril and right ear are ____

ipsilateral

The thumb is ________ to the index finger. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

lateral

The middle finger is __________ to the index finger. lateral medial proximal superior None of the listed responses is correct.

medial

The small intestine contains epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. The combination of these different tissue types to form one discrete structure is an example of the _____

organ level

The pituitary gland, adrenal gland, and other hormone-producing organs all work together to help the body send hormones through the blood stream and respond to internal changes. This is an example of the _____

organ system level

The levels of structural organization in order of decreasing complexity are _____ organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical organ, organ system, tissue, cellular, molecular, atomic organ system, organism, organ, tissue, chemical, cellular kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

The knee is ________ to the foot. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

proximal

The chest is ________ to the abdomen. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

superior

The lip is ________ to the chin. superior lateral anterior proximal deep

superior

This is the study of shapes and landmarks that reveal underlying organs.

surface anatomy

An example of an organ is epithelium. a fat cell. the intestine. the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system).

the intestine

Muscle fibers are cells that contain actin, myosin, and other accessory proteins. When these cells are collected together, they can all function as a unit, carrying out the shortening capabilities of muscle. When multiple cells with a similar function come together, it is an example of the _____

tissue level

The proximal convoluted tubule is a structure within the kidney nephron that plays a significant role in the reabsorption of important products that have been filtered from the blood. One of the key features of this structure is its lining. The cells that line the tubule are responsible for the transport of substances across the membrane. These cells and their collective efforts would be an example of which of the following levels? cellular level organismal level organ level molecular level tissue level

tissue level

Which statement concerning the anatomical position is FALSE? The palms face anteriorly. The person is lying down, as straight as possible. The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly. The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent).

The person is lying down, as straight as possible.