Chapter 2 Beginning your Nursing career flash cards.

Certified Nurses Aid (CNA)/ Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP)

Provides basic nursing care for clients in a long-term facility. Works under the supervision of an LVN, RN, or MD. In some facilities the "aide" is referred to as Unlicensed Assistive Personnel. (educational requirements 2 to 6 months.)

Registered Nurses (RN)

Provides direct and indirect nursing care, supervision, and leadership in a wide variety of healthcare settings. (2 to 4 years: Associate''s degree (AD) or bachelor's degree (BS or BA) or master's degree (MS or MA).

Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse (LPN/LVN)

Provides nursing care in long-term and acute care facilites. May also work in primary care providers' office and clinic settings. Works under the supervision of an RN or MD. (education req. 1-2 years)

Generally the LPN/LVN works under the direct or indirect supervision of an _______ or _____.

RN or Physician.

Differences exist in the education and level of nursing practice between

RNs and LPNs?LVNs

Nursing organizations assist in

continuing education and collective bargaining. Additionally, they offer a forum for discussion of nursing issues with peers.

Projection a ______ ______ is important. Such an image helps nurses properly represent their school, place of employment, and the healthcare industry. Moreover, it serves to protect and maintain safety for clients and for nurses themselves.

professional image

Mandatory licensure requires that a nurse cannot perform the functions designated as exclusive to nursing without

proper licensure in that state.

The purpose of approval of a school's educational criteria is to

protect the consumers of healthcare against unqualified nurses. A minimal standard of education is required.

Current functions of the LPN/LVN include

providing bedside care, doing wound care, administering prescribed medications, monitoring client status, and reporting reactions to medication or treatments to the RN or physician.

Obtaining licensure helps the

public determine the difference between a qualified and an unqualified worker.

Rationales are

reasons for certain actions. These rationales are based on nurse's knowledge base.

The approval agency visits the school and determines whether the students are

receiving an appropriate education.

Reciprocity is another type of

recognition of previous education and experience.

Re-approval of the nursing program may be

required on a regular schedule as determined by the agency.

The nurse assumes many ____. Many responsibilities accompany the title of "nurse"

roles

The American Nurses Association (ANA) is an organization whose members is composed of RNs. ANA often sponsors workshops for nurses. It publishes

several periodicals and a great deal of literature.

Nursing organizations set _______ for RNs and LPNs. A primary nursing responsibility is to be familiar with these standards.

standards of practice.

Because they depend on the availability of clinical sites, RN programs can only accept a certain number of _______. In the 1990s, some RN programs closed, as they were not cost-effective for the college or university.

students

Organized in 1976, Health Occupations Students of American (HOSA) is a vocational organization specifically designed for

students in secondary and postsecondary health occupations, including nursing.

RNs may have special training that allows them to practices public health nursing or specialize in fields such as ______.

surgery

A ______ ______ provides a reason and a purpose for nursing actions. Other factors also involved in nursing actions include ethics, safety, confidentiality, and culture.

theoretical framework.

Nursing programs usually base their curricula on one or more nursing

theories.

Application for accreditation is ______ on the part of the program; accreditation is not given to all programs.

voluntary

Accreditation is

voluntary and does not specifically concern licensure of graduates.

Sister Callista Roy (1964) Adaptation

An individual's state of health/illness moves back and forth on a continuum. Nursing focuses on the body, mind, spirit, and emotion and emphasis is on holistic healing, rather than curing. Each person's health status fluctuates because humans are constantly interacting in a dynamic (changing) environment.

The designated purpose of the National League for Nursing (NLN) is to

"advance excellence in nursing education that prepares the nursing workforce to meet the needs of diverse populations in a every-changing health care environment.)

The mandatory law designates the functions, duties, and responsibilities of the nurse and use of the title

"nurse"

HOSA's mission is to

"promote career opportunities in health care and to enhance the delivery of quality health care to all people."

The word approved tells you the following about a school: (6)

1. It teaches specific things a nurse must know 2. It has stated objectives and teaches to those objectives. 3. It provides experience with the types of individuals the nurse will care for when practicing nursing 4. It employs qualified instructors to teach and to supervise the students practice in the classroom and in the health-care facility 5. It prepared graduates, eligible for examination and licensure as LPNs, LVNs, or RNs 6. It has courses of the required minimum length

The NLN organization assesses, establishes goals, implements plans, and sets standards for: (6)

1. Nursing education 2. Faculty development 3. Nursing needs in the work arena and education setting 4. Research in Nursing education 5. Services to the nursing community 6. Public policy related to lifelong education

The ICN has three key program areas listed as critical to nursing:

1. Professional nursing practice with a focus on an international classification of nursing practice (ICNP), advanced nursing practice, and specific health issues, such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, malaria, women's health, family health, and safe water. 2. Regulation of the standards of nursing, including aspects related to credentialing, standards of competencies, and a code of ethics. 3. Socioeconomic welfare for nurses, which includes areas such as occupational health and safety, human resource planning and policies, remuneration, and career development.

Contemporary Nursing Roles: (6)

1. The nurse is a care provider. 2. The nurse is an advocate. 3. The nurse is a communicator. 4. The nurse is a team member. 5. The nurse is a teacher. 6. The nurse is a leader.

In 1940, fewer than

10 states had LPN laws, but by 1955 all states had LPN laws.

The first licensure laws for nursing were passed in

1903 in North Carolina, New York, and Virginia, and New Jersey.

RNs also perform many duties that only physicians performed in the _____ century.

20th

Advanced Practice Nurse or Nurse Practitioner (NP)

An RN who receives additional training in a specialized field, such as pediatrics, maternity, geriatrics, family practice, or mental health.

Dorothea Orem (1958) Self-Care

Building on Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, nursing assists clients to meet self-care needs necessary to maintain life, health, and well-being. Health is the ability to meet self-care needs, which are physiologic, psychological, and sociologic.

RNs recite the

Florence Nightingale pledge, LPNs recite the Practical Nurse's pledge.

Among the many nursing theories are those of

Florence Nightingale, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, Sister Callista Roy, and Betty Neuman.

Florence Nightingale (1859) Natural-Healing

Nature alone cures. Nursing assists ther person to an improved condition for nature to take its course. Health is "freedom from disease"

Betty Neuman (1972) Systems

Humans deal with forces in both internal and external environments. The goal of the whole person is stability and harmony. Health is "relative" in terms of psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and physiologic factors.

Practice acts differentiate between

LPN/LVN and RN licenses. This regulation is called mandatory licensure.

Virginia Henderson (1955) Independent-Functioning

Mind and body are one. Nursing's role is to assist clients to perform functions they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. Functions vital to health are the ability to breathe normally, eat/drink adequately, eliminate wastes, move/position oneself, sleep, dress, maintain body temperature, maintain hygiene, and keep the skin intact. Safety, communication, worship, work, recreation, and learning are individualized Health is the ability to function independently.

The first LPN law was passed in

Mississippi in 1914.

The ______ also promotes standards of practice for the practical/vocational nurse.

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses.

Each state has a legislated

Nurse Practice Act taht defines the approval process

Practical or vocations nurses are licensed under specific state laws (______ _____ ____) to care for clients in various settings in the same manner as is the RN.

Nurse Practice Acts

Any student who graduated from an approved nursing program is eligible to take

an examination provided by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. The examination is called the National Council Licensure Examination for registered nurses (NCLEX-RN)

Licensing laws establish

a minimal level of requirements for competence and practice.

Nursing programs must have ________ from a specific state agency or nursing authority, which is usually a state, provincial, or territorial Board of Nursing.

approval

The national nursing associates usually have state affiliates and sometimes local chapters. This gives all nurses the opportunity to

attend meetings and become active in the nursing organization of their choice. Most national organizations also have student affiliates, so you can begin your professional membership as a student.

The National League for Nursing (NLN) has established standards of

accreditation for nursing education for both RNs and LPNs.

A program can be approved without being _____, but it cannot be accredited without first being approved by the state's Board of Nursing.

accredited

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook handbook for December 2008, most practical vocational nurses work in

acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, physciaian offices/clinics, and government agencies (e.g. correctional facilities or military reserve.)

An _____ ______ ______ formerly called the nurse practitioner, is an RN, usually with a master's degree, who has specialized in a particular field.

advanced practice nurse.

Endorsement is a form of

agreement between states, particularly state licensing agencies. One state endorses the qualifications of another state. However, each state board of nursing has its fees the individual pays for a license in that state.

Organized in 1941, The National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) was the first national nursing organization to

delineate goals for the development and improvement of practical nursing education. The organization's focus is on the professional practice, licensure, and education of LPNs/LVNs.

Nurse Practice Acts

delineate the educational requirements, roles and functions, and disciplinary actions of a nurse.

Only gradates of state-,commonwealth-, territory-, or province-approved schools of nursing are

eligible to take the licensure examination.

Nurses promise to practice

ethically when they recite pledges at graduation.

The school that is accredited gives further evidence of its

excellence because the program must undergo a detailed evaluation to become accredited.

Provide ______ _____ (care of the whole person)

holistic care.

RNs are responsible for care of the acutely ______, _______ professional and practical nursing students, and taking charge in various healthcare settings.

ill, teaching

Started in 1899, the International Council of Nursing (ICN) based in Geneva, Switzerland, is the major

international organization of nurses.

The NFLPN supports

legislature for the LPN/LVN and assists in the interpretation of the role and function of the LVN/LPN as a member of the healthcare team.

The NCLEX-PN is for

licensed practical vocational nurses.

A program need not be accredited for its graduates to become ______.

licensed.

Often nurses move from one state to another. Regulations provide for the licensed nurse to continue his or her nursing practice in a new state without retaking the

licensing examination.

After candidates have successfully completed the NCLEX and before they receive licenses, they may be required by the state Board of Nursing to pay

licensing fees and submit fingerprints and documentation from nursing programs.

Several types of nursing education lead to

licensure as a registered nurse or as a practical/vocational nurse.

Approval is _______, meaning that a school must be approved or its graduates cannot be licensed.

mandatory

All states have

mandatory licensure laws for nurses. Nurse licensure is available in all states, territories, and Canadian provinces.

If a nursing program has been accredited, the program has

met criteria established by that agency.

Licensure establishes a

minimal level of competence for nursing. It ensures that a licensed nurse meets a basic level of excellence in practice and knowledge.

The growth of LPN/LVN programs is an indicator of the need for ______, both LPN/LVNs and RNs.

nurses

Started in 1949 in New York State, the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) is a professional organization providing standards of

nursing care and promoting competence through continued postlicensure education and certification.

Many nursing programs base their curricula on

nursing theories. These theoretical frameworks provide reasons and purposes for nursing actions.

ANA's most widely circulated journal is the American Journal of Nursing (AJN), ANA considers itself the

official voice of professional nursing in the United States. It assists with collective bargaining in many states.

A nursing aissistant, aide, or UAP is a person who is taught via _____-______-______ training or in a short-term programs to help clients and residents meet the needs of daily living, such as hygiene and dressing.

on-the-job

HOSA offers

online chat sites, links, and multiple support servies for students in healthcare fields.

The accreditation of a school means that an agency

other than the state has reviewed the nursing program in detail.

Practicing without a license is called

permissive licensure, but rarely occurs today.

Three programs allows the graduate to take the licensure examination and to become a registered nurse (RN). The fourth, a practical or vocational nursing program, allows the graduate to take the licensure examination and to become a licensed ________ _______ or a licensed vocational nurse.

practical nurse

The NLN has been a leader in the

profession of nursing education since 1893. A major focus is providing accreditation to RN and LPN/LVN schools.