chapter 2: England and its American Colonies, 1607-1732
Identify all of the factors that contributed to Bacon's Rebellion.
falling tobacco prices Governor Berkeley's refusal to attack Indians lack of land for free white men
Which statement characterizes the English colonization of North America and accounts for the diversity of its colonies?
most english colonies were founded by private business ventures
The - were dissenters who believed that the - needed to be - from within, while the - were considered more radical - who had given up on the Church of England. Facing persuasion by King -, they fled to the New World. Both groups sought to purify their own - of all Catholic and Anglican rituals.
puritans; church of england; purified; pilgrims; seperatists; james I; churches
What created the need for more laborers within the Chesapeake Bay region?
the soaring production of tobacco
these colonies were heavily dependent on African slave labor & recruited English planters to implement sugar plantation-systems
Carolina Colonies
sought to establish a "Christian Commonwealth" but allowed individuals other than church members to vote
Connecticut
The availability of cheap land resulted in huge waves of immigration and colonial settlement with a total population that exceeded 1 million by 1750.
English
These colonial settlers viewed the Native Americans as obstacles to their permanent colonial settlement
English
This European power's colonies had the greatest degree of self-government.
English
Describe how the English colonists differed from the Dutch and the French in their interactions with Native Americans.
English were more focused on taking indian land
New Amsterdam, the capital city of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, was more economically, socially, and religiously conservative and restrictive than the English Puritan colonies in New England.
False
Slavery was much more prevalent in New England than in the Chesapeake and Carolina colonies. This was due to an abundance of wealthy families in the region that required farmhands and household laborers.
False
What does it reveal about the personal experience of Anne Hutchinson, and, more broadly, about the situation of women in the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Led by John Winthrop, Anne Hutchinson's all-male accusers convicted her of blasphemy and expelled her from the colony for claiming that she had experienced a revelation from God. In response to her defense in the two-day-long trial, Winthrop declared Hutchinson unfit to have a conversation with men, as they did not mean to debate with individuals of her sex.
How was New England, a colony in the north, different from its counterparts in the south?
New England colonists experienced fewer diseases than the colonies in the south. New England colonists lived in larger families than in the south.
Massachusetts's authority over this colony was overturned in a lawsuit and the settlement became a royal colony
New Hampshire
------
Queen Elizabeth dies without an heir. King James IV of Scotland becomes King James I of England and asserts "divine right," thus suppressing religious dissent. Puritans begin to face persecution in England. Pilgrims flee to America. Charles I ascends the English throne, causing many Puritans to move to Europe, the West Indies, and America. Militant Puritans rule England, and outlaw Anglican and Catholic faith. Civil war erupts in England, ending in the beheading of Charles I. The monarchy is restored and embraces Catholicism, thus suppressing dissent. The "Glorious Revolution" establishes political power as derived from the people.
first settlement to allow complete freedom of religion and insist upon the separation of church and state
Rhode Island
European slave traders purchased captives at -, branded them with a - mark, and forced them onto gruesome slave ships.
Slave forts; company
The availability of cheap land resulted in huge waves of immigration and colonial settlement with a total population that exceeded 1 million by 1750.
Spanish
What does John Smith's map illustrate about Virginia?
The Jamestown settlers established their colony in a region populated by many Native American communities. The members of the Powhatan Confederacy lived in established villages.
What did Roger Williams mean when he warned that the lust for land would become "as great a God with us English as Gold was a God with the Spanish"?
The way the English dissolved the Pequot Nation and took its land after the Treaty of Hartford was a display of such profound hunger for land that it rivaled religious zeal.
Between 1670 and 1715, as many as 50,000 Indians were sold as slaves in Charles Town for export to the Caribbean and South America. The number of Native American slaves exported from Charles Town exceeded the number of Africans imported.
True
this colony served as a haven for quakers and encouraged religious diversity along with a more personal approach to faith
Pennsylvania
In 1621, the - at Plymouth were struggling in the face of starvation and disease. Without the help of neighboring -, the colony likely would not have survived. Yet, the Pilgrims exhibited extreme - of the culture and religion of their saviors. They subsequently adopted an aggressive stance on - Native Americans. The Pilgrims forced Indian converts to live in - separate from their unconverted family members.
Pilgrims; Native Americans; intolerance; converting; praying towns
this colony was compromised of middle class families who made their living by farming, fishing, & shipbuilding, & were primarily motivated by religious ideas
Plymouth Colonies
The English colonies were more - and populous than their European competitors for two main reasons: they were - business ventures and were more autonomous than - and French colonies, which were strictly regulated by their -. Additionally, the English encouraged - and settlement, whereas the others prioritized - economic gains.
Prosperous; private; spanish; ruling monarchs, immigration, short-term
identify the ways that the Iroquois league differed from the majority of native American societies that English settlers encountered.
The Iroquois League was governed by a written constitution known as the Great Law of Peace, which had three main principles: peace, equity, and justice. The Iroquois League governing structure was highly democratic for its time, and it gave both men and women a voice in government. While most Native American societies did not unite against European encroachment, the Iroquois League built an extremely strong alliance that was initially able to resist European expansion.
What were the lasting effects of King Philip's War on the New England colonies and the neighboring Native American communities?
- The conflict claimed proportionately more lives in New England colonial population than any subsequent American war to date - A mandatory military draft was instituted for the first time in the American colonies - King Philip (Metacomet) was executed and his severed head was displayed on a pole to remind Native Americans of the cost of engaging the English colonies militarily
What factors contributed to the success of the English colonies compared to their European rivals?
-English colonies were structured as profit-making businesses that encouraged expansion, whereas royal colonies established by other colonial powers stifled innovation and limited population growth. -English colonies enjoyed a greater degree of self-government, and thus greater governing flexibility than Spanish and French colonies, which resulted in more dynamic and creative colonies. -The concentration of English colonies in densely populated centers along the east coast of North America from Florida to Maine allowed them to develop and maintain relations with Europe without overexpanding in the Americas.
Although the English government did not actively establish colonies by using royal expeditions, it still had major policy objectives relating to colonial governance. Identify the major English governmental policy objectives.
-use the colonies as a means to remove social rebels, religious dissenters, convicts, and vagrants from England -exploit the abundance of raw materials in the colonies: particularly timber, tobacco, and fur pelts -establish consumer markets in the colonies for English export goods
How did the transition of leadership during the Glorious Revolution impact the power of the English monarchy?
1. Parliament was able to reassert its legislative prerogatives and reign in the power of the monarchy. 2. The monarch no longer had the power to suspend Parliament. 3. Kings and queens could no longer levy taxes without 4. Parliament's permission. The English people, not God, empowered the monarchy.
Describe how relations between Quakers and Native Americans differed from relations between Native Americans and the majority of English colonists.
1. Quakers bought land titles from consenting Native Americans instead of seizing their land by force and coercion. 2. The first fifty years following the establishment of Quaker settlements in Pennsylvania were peaceful between the Quakers and the surrounding Native American societies. 3. William Penn and other Quaker leaders worked to learn the languages and understand the cultures of their Native American neighbors.
although supported by royal charter, these colonies were the product of privately funded ventures known as joint-stock companies as opposed to enterprises funded by the monarch.
English
-colony of scattered settlements -taken over by Massachusetts
Maine
Recreate the geographic borders of the Iroquois League at the height of its power by clicking on the proper locations on the map.
Maine; Above New York, Michigan, Tennessee
Identify the defining characteristics of slavery in the mainland English colonies by the 1750s.
Most slaves worked on plantations growing cash crops like tobacco, rice, or sugar. Most slaves were born in the colonies.
Which features of early New England settlements does the following map illustrate?
Religious conflict in England and religious disputes in the New World motivated many English colonists to found their own distinct colonies.
These European powers' colonies encouraged diverse groups of immigrants.
Spanish
These Europeans were widely dispersed and colonized areas that were less densely populated by Native Americans.
Spanish
These European powers' colonies were tightly controlled by the Monarch.
Spanish and French
English colonists in North America enjoyed a higher standard of living than their counterparts in England. On average, they were better clothed, housed, and fed.
True
this joint-stock colony became heavily reliant on tobacco & was dominated by wealthy plantation owners
Virginia
The seventeenth century was a period of religious - in the Church of England. Reformers known as - criticized the established church. Some of these reformers fled England and settled in -. The reign of - was marked by intolerance of religious diversity and disregard for English traditions of government dating back to the - of 1215. Charles asserted - as his claim to rule and disbanded -. Ultimately his draconian policies resulted in civil war, which concluded with his -.
division; Puritans; America; King Charles I; Magna Carta; divine right; Parliament; beheading
One of the major motivating factors that resulted in Puritans immigrating to the Americas was religious persecution in England. Puritans wanted to simplify Christianity to its roots, and remove the vestiges of Catholic ritual and idolatry from the religion. English monarchs refused to incorporate these changes into the Anglican Church, and at times outlawed and violently persecuted advocates of such ideas.
true; Puritans advocated a simplification of Catholic and Anglican forms of Christianity. They sought to abolish the ritual and grandeur associated with the clergy, and to allow people to express their reverence for God in a more personal fashion, without the usual formalities associated with Catholic and Anglican worship.
These European powers' colonies encouraged diverse groups of immigrants.
Dutch and English
Because of their continuous persecution in England, Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony refused to antagonize those who harbored differing views and sought to cultivate a climate of religious tolerance.
False