Chapter 2 Fundamentals
What are critical-thinking skills?
- Objectively gathering information on a problem or issue - Recognizing the need for more information -Evaluating the credibility and usefulness of sources of information - Recognizing gaps in one's own knowledge -Listening carefully; reading thoughtfully -Separating relevant from irrelevant data and important from unimportant data - Organizing or grouping information in meaningful ways - Making inferences (tentative conclusions) about the meaning of the information - Visualizing potential solutions to a problem -Exploring the advantages, disadvantages, and consequences of each potential action -Evaluating the credibility and usefulness of sources of information -Recognizing differences and similarities among things or situations -Prioritizing or ranking data as needed
Thinking
- critical thinking - theoretical knowledge - enables us to use knowledge and skills throughout semester and program
Patient situation
- patient data - data we obtain from patient by doing - patient preferences - when they would like their bath - context - context of where the care is coming (environment, culture, relationship)
Doing
- practical knowledge - nursing process
Caring
- self-knowledge - ethical knowledge
What are the critical thinking attitudes
-Intellectual autonomy -Intellectual curiosity -Intellectual humility -Intellectual empathy -Intellectual courage -Intellectual perseverance -Fair-mindedness -Intellectual integrity -Confidence in reasoning
What is critical thinking
A combination of - reasoned thinking - openness to alternatives - ability to reflect - a desire to seek truth
A; Critical thinkers are not afraid to question things. They do not proceed with a questionable action simply because "that's the way it's always been done."
A nurse who is newly employed at a hospital questions a standard of patient care that does not seem to follow evidence-based practice. Which critical thinking attitude is the nurse demonstrating? A. Intellectual autonomy B. Intellectual humility C. Intellectual courage D. Fair-mindedness
Caring
Always specific and relational for each nurse -s person encounter - not an abstraction - involves thinking and acting in way that preserve human dignity and humanity
A; Knowledge gained in these courses helps the nurse develop a more holistic and complete plan of patient care.
College courses, such as microbiology and human growth and development, present content that is considered part of theoretical nursing knowledge. A. True B. False
- Knowing (knowing how to care) - Being with (being in situation with patient and the family - Doing for (doing the things we do as nurses that allows us to care - enabling (allowing patient to understand disease process and understand what you are doing for them - maintaining belief (what they feel is acceptable to them)
Components of caring
- Theoretical - Practical - Self - Ethical
Different kinds of nursing knowledge
Evaluation
Final phase: judge whether your actions have successfully treated or prevented the client's health problems
Assessment
First phase: Gather data
Critical thinking and nursing process are interrelated but not identical
How is the nursing process related to critical thinking (test)
To help the nurse provide goal-directed, client-centered care
Purpose of the nursing process (know for test)
Diagnosis
Second phase: identify client's health needs
Correct Answer: C Most definitions of critical thinking include the concept of it being purposeful and deliberate. It is more than just problem-solving and is not used exclusively to defend one's beliefs. Critical thinking enables a person to see that there may be more than one correct answer.
The most correct definition of critical thinking is A. A problem-solving process that enables one to show others they are wrong B. An examination of one's own beliefs in order to defend them intelligently C. Purposeful, analytical thinking that results in a reasoned decision D. Rational thinking that results in obtaining the one correct answer
Planning outcomes and planning interventions
Two parts to planning in nursing process
- thinking - doing (skills we learn in lab) - caring (using all components of caring) - patient situation - include client in situation
What are the model concepts?
- Contextual awareness - inquiry - considering alternatives - analyzing assumptions - reflecting skeptically and deciding what to do
What is the five step/category process of the critical thinking model
- problem-solving - decision making - clinical reasoning - clinical judgement
With using a combination of critical thinking skills and attitudes we get
The nursing process (only nurses use)
a systemic problem-solving process that guides all nursing actions
Full-spectrum nursing
a unique blend of thinking, doing, and caring for the purpose of affecting good outcomes from a patient situation
Implementation
action phase when you carry out or delegate actions you previously panned
Planning interventions
choose interventions to help the client achieve stated goals
Planning outcomes
decide goals you want to achieve with your nursing activities
