Chapter 2- Inorganic and Organic Compounds

Lipids

(fat) contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but because they have less oxygen than carbohydrates they do not approx to 1:2:1

Base

(proton acceptor) any substance that removes H+ from the solution. Many bases dissociate in solution to release H+

Acid

(proton donor) any substance that breaks apart in solution to release H+

Protein Functions

1. Support 2. Movement 3. Transport 4. Buffering 5. Metabolic Regulation 6.Coordination, communication, and control 7. Defense

Building blocks of proteins

Amino Acids

Examples of Lipids

Fatty Acids, Fats, Steroids, and Phospholipids

Fats

Individual fatty acids are attached to glycerol to be able to make fat. Fat deposits under the skin to serve as insulation. Can provide protection around organs to create a cushion. Saturated - solid at room temperature, Unsaturated - liquid at room temperature

Steroids

Large lipid molecules contains four connected rings of carbon atoms

Nucleic Acids

Large organic molecules composed of C, H, O, N, and P. Nucleic acids store and process information at the molecular level. Made of nucleotides which are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Carbohydrate structures

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides.

Inorganic Compounds

Small molecules that do not contain carbon or hydrogen

Organic Compounds

always contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and generally oxygen

Large organic molecules:

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

The most important inorganic substances in the human body include:

carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, inorganic acids, bases, and salts.

Phospholipids

consist of glycerol and two fatty acids linked to a non-lipid group by phosphate group. The nonlipid portion is soluble in water, whereas fatty acid portion is relatively insoluble.

Carbohydrate

contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (1:2:1) C, H, O. They are important energy sources.

DNA

determines inherited traits and carries the code of life (codes for proteins)

RNA

helps to make the protein by using information from DNA

Fatty Acids

long carbon atoms w/ attached hydrogen atoms that end in carboxyl. When fatty acids are put in a solution the carboxyl dissolves. Can be saturated and unsaturated

Proteins

most abundant organic component of the human body. All contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Long chains of amino acids.