Chapter 2 ( Introductions to C++ Programming, Input/Output, and Operators )
Comments
Ignored by compiler. Causes no actions to occur.
Statement Terminator (;)
Most C++ statements end iwth a semicolon.
#include <iostream>
Tells the C++ preprocessor to include the contents of the input/output stream header, which contains information necessary to compile programs that output data to the screen or input data from the keyboard.
Escape Sequence
When a backslash is encountered in a string of characters, the next character is combined with the backslash to form an escape sequence.
Prompt
A message that directs the user to take a specific action.
String
A string in " Double Quotes" is sometimes referred to as a character string, message or string literal. White space-characters in strings are not ignored by the compiler.
Memory
A variable is a location in memory where a value can be stored for use by a program. Every variable stored in the computer's memory has a name, a value, a type and a size.
Variables
All variables must be declared before they can be used.
Single-line comments
Begin with ( // ). Insert comments to document your programs and improve their readability.
Preprocessing Directive
Begins with ( # ) and is a message to the C++ preprocessor. Preprocessing directives are processed before the program is compiled.
Return Function
C++ keyword that means to exit a function.
Main Function
C++ programs begin executing at main, even if main does not appear first in the program.
White space ( Blank lines, space characters and tab characters )
Makes programs easier to read. White-space characters outside of string literals are ignored by the compiler.
Newline Escape Sequence ( \n )
Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line on the screen.
Streams
Output and inputs in C++ are accomplished with streams of data.
Body
The body of every function must be contained in braces ( { and } ).
std::cout
The output stream object normally connected to the screen is used to output data. Multiple data items can be output by concatenating stream insertion (<<) operators.
List Initialization
The variable's initial value is placed in braces ( { and } ) immediately following the variable's name.