Chapter 2: Managing People and Work

8) When the tasks and authority associated with various positions in the organization are clearly specified, it creates a scenario where

employees can be held strictly accountable for their actions. 9) Henri Fayol's principles of management are A) the bedrock on which much of recent management theory and research is based.

24) When an organization ignores the external environment and fails to acquire inputs, it is likely to experience

entropy.

4) Communication among managers in Angelo's business was slowing down the pace of planning and organizing, so Angelo recently merged some of the company's departments and cut back on the number of managerial levels. This demonstrates which of Fayol's principles of management?

line of authority

16) Paula starts a new bakery business. Because she must meet specific requirements from the state health department, Paula decides to use a mechanistic structure for management. What demonstrates Paula's choice to organize and control the business with a mechanistic structure?

Employees are closely supervised and follow well-defined rules and standard operating procedures.

30) Employees at Southwest Airlines have highly flexible job descriptions that enable them to chip in and help where needed. Employees are encouraged to help solve problems where they see them. Thus, it's not uncommon to see a Southwest manager helping move passenger luggage into aircraft or check in passengers at a gate. This demonstrates the concepts in .

Theory Y.

33) What is the Hawthorne effect?

Workers' productivity is affected more by their manager's personal behavior than by the work setting.

27) Teece uses the term _______ to describe a company's ability to identify and assess opportunities outside the company.

sensing

6) The human relations movement advocates that

supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage employees.

52) Tayler is an engineer at an assembly plant for an auto company. Tayler receives orders from, and reports to, both his department manager and his project manager. This violates Fayol's principle of

unity of command.

43) An example of a rule is

a general mandatory guideline requiring all employees to leave their work machines in good working order. 44) Companies that use mathematical techniques, such as modeling and simulation, to help determine how to invest its capital are using _______ management. A) quantitative

32) A "ratebuster," according to Elton Mayo's and F. J. Roethlisberger's bank wiring room experiments, was a person performing

above the work-group performance norm.

13) Job specialization refers to the process by which

division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

22) In an organization, rules are

unwritten expectations of behavior.

2) Northeast Woodworking is a small business run by skilled workers who produce customized and hand-manufactured furniture. This company engages in _______ production.

crafts

50) Administrative management is the study of how to

create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness.

57) Managers whose attitudes regarding employees are consistent with Theory Y

create work settings that allow workers to exercise initiative.

29) Tae Min feels that it would be unfair to his team and his company to take a sick day to sleep in. He understands Fayol's principle of

subordination of individual interests to the common interest.

19) _______ is the power to hold workers accountable for their actions and to make decisions about the use of organizational resources.

Authority 20) In a bureaucracy, a manager's formal authority derives from A) the position the manager holds in the organization.

12) _______ refers to the concentration of authority at the top of the organizational chart instead of being distributed throughout the managerial hierarchy.

Centralization

59) What did Frank and Lillian Gilbreth discover in their study of fatigue in the workplace?

Lighting and the color of the walls had an effect on fatigue.

25) _______ is a contemporary approach to management that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to assist managers to make the best use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

Management science theory

1) _______ refers to a system of task and authority relationships that controls how employees use resources to achieve a company's goals.

Organic structure

5) _______ is the performance gain caused by two or more departments coordinating their efforts.

Synergy

21) According to Taylor, the production process becomes more efficient with

an increase in division of labor through specialization.

46) Paolo is a manager for a small business. He wants his five employees to have positive working relationships and he wants to create a welcoming office environment. To encourage socializing and to motivate his staff to meet organizational goals, Paolo invites his employees to lunch once a week. Within a few weeks, Peter sees an increase in performance and improved collaboration among the staff members. This demonstrates the use of

behavioral management.

34) If a manager designs the organizational hierarchy based on the characteristics of the organizational environment, he is acting in accordance with _______ theory.

contingency 35) Chris has a job as a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. The company offers both quarterly and annual bonuses based on performance. The company also has a profit-sharing plan for its employees. This demonstrates Fayol's principle of A) remuneration of personnel. 36) An example of a norm is A) an informal code of conduct recommending that employees help each other if time permits.

7) The primary message of _______ is that there is no one best way to organize.

contingency theory

37) Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory X

counteract workers' natural tendencies to avoid work.

39) Norms are

informal codes of conduct among employees in a particular company. 40) Managers who accept the assumptions of Theory Y A) create a work setting that encourages commitment to organizational goals.

17) Adam Smith advocated _______ to produce products more quickly.

job specialization

3) Joan has been working in a bicycle factory for several months. The assembly process requires multiple tasks, and Joan's supervisor assigns her to apply the custom paint and add the decals. Adding the decals requires perfection, and Joan does it quickly and always performs the task well, so her supervisor decides to keep her in this position. This is an example of

job specialization.

51) Company Z has an organizational hierarchy with salespeople at the bottom, who report to regional sales managers, who in turn report to a director of marketing. The director of marketing reports to the CEO. This is an example of which of Fayol's principles of management?

line of authority

56) According to Fayol, _______ refers to the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization.

line of authority

42) Fayol's principle of initiative suggests that

managers should encourage employees to act on their own without direction from a supervisor.

11) Max Weber developed the

principles of bureaucracy.

10) Frederick W. Taylor is best known for defining the techniques of

scientific management.

23) At Home Service, Inc., employees stay with the organization for many years and develop skills on the job that help Home Service, Inc. become more efficient. This is consistent with Fayol's principle of

stability of tenure.

60) According to Henri Fayol, initiative refers to

the ability to act on one's own without direction from a superior.

14) Henri Fayol's principle of equity refers to

the justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizational members are entitled. 15) Maria's job involves maintaining an accurate inventory and financial data. Her manager provided her with specific written instructions on how to perform the job task that is also used by other employees who do the same work. This is an example of A) standard operating procedures.

49) _______ is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems that are chosen by managers depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates.

Contingency theory

54) Billy Jean was angry that her supervisor told her she had to change the way she performed the job to increase her efficiency. However, the supervisor's position gave him the _______ to change Billy Jean's work behavior.

authority 55) _______ refers to a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. A) Bureaucracy

18) When an organization is centralized,

authority is concentrated at the top of the managerial hierarchy.

31) Millibytes, Inc. implements an organic structure, which means that at Millibytes,

authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers.

26) In an organization that follows Weber's principles of bureaucracy, positions are arranged

by functional departments.

47) Rashid has chosen not to advocate for dual command at his company because it

causes confusion among employees. .

41) The owners of Hae-Won's company make all of the important decisions even through there are middle managers who supervise front-line employees. When there are problems, these managers are reluctant to make decisions without speaking with one of the owners. This illustrates the problem with which of Fayol's principles of management?

centralization

53) Every year, Johnson-Murphy holds a company picnic with competitive games and fun activities so its employees can get to know one another in a more social setting. Johnson-Murphy is focusing on Fayol's concept of

esprit de corps.

48) Which of Teece's managerial activities would a company embrace if it wanted to use company resources to capture value for the organization from previously determined opportunities?

seizing

28) According to Henri Fayol, esprit de corps refers to

shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group.

45) Carl works for a printing business that offers printing and copying, bookbinding, and graphic design. The business has a single, comprehensive long-term plan that guides every department. The business is following Fayol's principle of

unity of direction.

38) Mary Parker Follett's primary criticism of Taylor's system of scientific management was that Taylor

was ignoring the human side of the organization and did not allow workers to exercise initiative and contribute to the organization.