Chapter 2- Mindtap
Which of the following are factors that influence crime trends, and thus also homicide rates?
age structure, economy, and gun availability
Which of the following would be classified as a Part II crime?
an individual selling cocaine to another person
Which of the following would be considered an instrumental crime?
an individual threatens another with a knife to hand over their wallet
What is a career criminal?
an offender who persistently engages in criminal acts
The officers stated that the majority of the crime problems could be found to be in specific and isolated areas of Chicago. What method of organizing data would make this finding possible to see?
crime mapping
Data about crimes can come from a variety of sources, either primary or secondary. Which of the following is NOT a secondary source of data?
survey research
A systematic review:
synthesizes the findings of past studies to make a conclusion.
In which of the following scenarios can crime mapping benefit police?
Police are uncertain as to where they should deploy more officers to counter crime.
It was stated in the video that the homicide rate had increased in Chicago by 30 percent in the past year. Where is the most uniform and official place that statistics such as these would be reported?
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Based on this new information, do you still argue that technology cannot fully compensate for such a large staff reduction and, because of this, remaining police officers should conduct longer patrols?
A cautious yes. Though technology allows the police to target high-crime neighborhoods more efficiently, public knowledge of the layoff might encourage criminals to offend, knowing that there are fewer officers on the street.
What is the foundation of racial threat hypothesis?
A fear of growing minority populations results in greater police action against them.
Which of the following is true for liberal feminist theories regarding crime?
As women move closer to men in social and economic position, their crime rate will increase.
When did violent crime rates peak in the United States?
Early 1990s
What limits the effectiveness of gun control such as requiring waiting periods and limiting the sale of guns?
Few guns used in crimes are sold new to criminals.
What is the relation of the concept of early onset to crime?
Youth who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems from an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending throughout their life.
Declining deviance as part of the aging out process results from __________.
youth growing more mature
What is the correlation between a good economy and higher crime rates?
Greater prosperity for more people in turn provides more tempting targets for youth criminals.
In a typical city, what is often true of crime?
High rates of crime are concentrated in specific areas.
What is true concerning homicide rates in the world?
Homicide rates are the highest in South Africa.
Which of the following might result in rising crime rates, specifically among the youth in coming decades?
Increasing automation of manufacturing and service jobs at the expense of human workers.
Why can the figures cited by the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) be misleading?
Police departments vary in the way they record, classify, and report crimes.
What is data mining?
Police use advanced software to identify crime patterns and link them to suspects based on behavior patterns.
During which season would it behoove police on foot patrol in a major U.S. city to be on greater lookout for property crimes such as pickpocketing?
Summer
In what way are technological developments complicating the fight against crime?
Technology is creating new classes of crime that are harder to detect and combat.
Why is the NIBRS currently of limited use in gauging crime nationwide?
The NIBRS has not been fully adopted in all 50 states.
In what way is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) intended to be more explanatory than the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)?
The NIBRS requires reported crimes to be put into greater context.
The 20 percent cut in the staffing of the police force mainly comprised regular patrol officers. The city now does not have as many patrol officers to place on the street at any one time, and police officials are concerned by this situation. As a criminologist just recently hired by the city police force, you have been tasked by the chief of police to develop a strategy that makes maximum use of the reduced police force. Specifically, the chief wants to know if technology can be used to assist in better policing. What would you do?
You argue that while technology can serve to benefit the police, it cannot fully compensate for such a large staff reduction. Because of this, remaining police officers should conduct longer patrols.
What can primarily serve to limit co-offending in a community?
developing more opportunities for youth employment in economically depressed communities
It has been stated that crime rates are impacted by ecological conditions. Which of the following are the correct four factors?
place, time, season, climate
When compared to the UCR, what does the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study reveal?
the crime problem is much greater than official statistics would lead us to believe
Which of the following groups could be used in a specific cohort study?
the graduating male class of a particular high school
What aspect of self-report surveys impedes their validity?
the potential non-honesty of self-report survey respondents
What is data mining?
the use of advanced software by police to identify crime patterns and link them to suspects based on behavior patterns
What is continuity of crime?
the view that criminality starts at an early age and remains throughout life
What is a primary goal of predictive policing?
to provide police with information so that they can proactively deploy resources