Chapter 2: Network Standards (Test)
In HTTP, the end of a header field is usually indicated by a ________. A) bit position B) CRLF C) colon D) blank line
CRLF (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
An EUI-48 address was formerly called a(n) ________ address. A) IPv4 B) IPv6 C) MAC D) DNS
MAC (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
To represent 65 alternatives, your alternatives field would have to be at least ________ bits long. A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8
7 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, this means that it is given the value ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) either A or B D) neither A nor B
1 (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Convert decimal 8 to binary. A) 100 B) 1000 C) 10000 D) 111
1000 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
Convert a decimal number 15 to the binary number. A) It is a binary number. B) 1100 C) 1101 D) 1111
1111 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
A 7-bit field can represent ________ alternatives or different combinations. A) 14 B) 49 C) 128 D) 256
128 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
The five senses can be represented with a ________-bit field. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
3 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
In IP, the first bit in the second row is ________. A) 0 B) 31 C) 32 D) 63
32 (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A 5-bit field can represent ________ alternatives or different combinations. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) 64
32 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
How long are IPv4 addresses? A) 4 bits B) 32 bits C) 48 bits D) 128 bits
32 bits (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The UDP has ________ fields. A) 4 B) 8 C) 16 D) 32
4 (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Convert the binary number 100 to decimal. A) It is in decimal. B) 2 C) 4 D) 8
4 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
How long are IPv4 addresses in octets? A) 4 octets B) 32 octets C) 48 octets D) 128 octets
4 octets (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Which of the following is an integer? A) 4,307 B) 45.7 C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
4,307 (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
EUI-48 addresses are ________. A) 32 bits long B) 48 bits long C) 128 bits long D) Address length varies.
48 bits long (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Internet standards are published as ________. A) RFCs B) IETFs C) TCP/IPs D) Internet Protocols
RFCs (Objective: Explain how internet standards are made and why this approach is valuable.)
Host P transmits a SYN segment to Host Q. If host Q is willing to open the connection, it will transmit a(n) ________ segment. A) ACK B) SYN C) SYN/ACK D) none of the above
SYN/ACK (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
Which of the following is inside the header of messages? A) address field B) IP address field C) data field D) trailer
address field (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The electrical signal generated by a microphone is called a(n) ________ signal. A) binary B) digital C) analog D) Either A or B.
analog (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
At which layer would you find file transfer protocol (FTP) standards for downloading files from an FTP server? A) application B) transport C) Internet D) none of the above
application (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
At which layer would you find standards for requesting videos from a video-sharing site such as YouTube? A) application B) transport C) Internet D) none of the above
application (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Which of the following layers has more standards than the other three layers? A) data link B) Internet C) transport D) application
application (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
At what layer is encoding done? A) application B) transport C) Internet D) none of the above
application (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
On a server, well-known port numbers indicate ________. A) applications B) connections with client computers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
applications (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The UDP ________. A) is unreliable B) has a checksum field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
both A and B (is unreliable, has a checksum field) (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Standards govern ________. A) semantics B) syntax C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
both A and B (semantics, syntax) (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
________ read(s) the destination address in an Ethernet frame. A) The destination host B) Switches in the network C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
both A and B (the destination host, switches in the network) (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
In HTTP, which program may initiate communication? A) browser B) Webserver program C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
browser (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
In an HTTP, which one (browser or Webserver application program) transmits message first? A) browser B) Webserver application program C) They transmit simultaneously. D) It depends on the situation.
browser (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
"Octet" is the same as ________. A) "bit" B) "byte" C) either A or B, depending on the context D) neither A nor B
byte (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The source socket is 60.171.18.22:2707. The source host is a(n) ________. A) client B) server C) well-known server D) ephemeral server
client (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The source socket is 60.171.18.22:2707. The source is a(n) ________. A) client B) server C) well-known server D) ephemeral server
client (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
For every conversation, a client randomly generates an ephemeral port number for ________. A) applications B) conversations C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
conversations (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A codec ________. A) encodes voice sounds into digital signals for transmission B) encodes voice sounds into analog signals for transmission C) encrypts the signal D) converts binary voice signals into digital signals for transmission
converts binary voice signals into digital signals for transmission (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
An HTTP response message usually has a ________. A) trailer B) data field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
data field (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The ________ contains the content being delivered by a message. A) address field B) header C) data field D) trailer
data field (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
After the Internet layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) transport B) data link C) physical D) none of the above
data link (Objective: Explain vertical communication on hosts.)
To make a forwarding decision, a router looks at the arriving packet's ________. A) destination IP address B) destination EUI-48 address C) both A and B D) MAC addresses
destination IP address (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
In a four-step close, which side transmits a FIN segment? A) the side that initiates the close B) the other side C) either side D) neither side
either side (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
________ is placing a message in the data field of another message. A) Encoding B) Vertical communication C) Layering D) Encapsulation
encapsulation (Objective: Explain vertical communication on hosts.)
Converting application messages into bits is called ________. A) encapsulation B) encryption C) encoding D) exchange
encoding (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
2500 is in the range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
ephemeral (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The range of port 1024 to port 4999 is the usual range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
ephemeral (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Ethernet does ________. A) error detection B) error correction C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
error detection (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
TCP has six single-bit fields in headers and these single-bit fields are called ________ fields. A) port B) flag C) ACK D) binary
flag (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A message always has a ________. A) header B) data field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
header (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
An HTTP request message usually has a ________. A) header B) data field C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
header (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A message's semantics is its ________. A) protocol B) message order C) meaning D) structure
meaning (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
If the destination host finds an error in an Ethernet frame, it ________. A) sends back a NAK B) sends back a ACK C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
neither A nor B (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
Which of the following is a socket? A) 80 B) 21 C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
neither A nor B (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A sending host will retransmit a TCP segment if it ________. A) receives an ACK segment B) receives a NAC segment C) receives an RPT segment D) none of the above
none of the above (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
If a destination host does not receive a segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above
none of the above (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
In HTTP headers, the end of a header field is usually indicated by a ________. A) . B) : C) ; D) none of the above
none of the above (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
How many bytes will it take to transmit "Brain Dead" without the quotation marks? A) 2 B) 3 C) 9 D) none of the above
none of the above (Objective: Explain how to encode application messages into bits (1s and 0s).)
The application standard is almost always ________. A) HTTP B) TCP C) reliable D) None of the above is true.
none of the above is true (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
After the side wishing to close a TCP connection sends a FIN segment, the other side will ________. A) not send any more segments B) only send ACK segments C) only send FIN segments D) none of the above
only send ACK segments (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
After the data link layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) physical B) internet C) transport D) none of the above
physical (Objective: Explain vertical communication on hosts.)
Which layer process does NOT do any encapsulation when an application layer process transmits a message? A) physical B) data link C) Internet D) All layers do encapsulation.
physical (Objective: Explain vertical communication on hosts.)
Standards mean the same thing as ________. A) semantics B) syntax C) rules D) protocols
protocols (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
TCP messages are called ________. A) segments B) fragments C) packets D) datagrams
segments (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
The meaning of a message is referred to as the message's ________. A) protocol B) order C) syntax D) semantics
semantics (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
The destination socket is 60.171.18.22:161. The destination host is a(n) ________. A) client B) server C) well-known server D) ephemeral server
server (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
A message's syntax is its ________. A) protocol B) message order C) meaning D) structure
structure (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
How a message is organized is its ________. A) protocol B) order C) syntax D) semantics
syntax (Objective: Provide the definitions of network standards and protocols, message syntax, semantics, and order.)
Which part of a message is less often in a message compared to the other two parts? A) header B) data field C) trailer D) All of the above are commonly seen in all messages.
trailer (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
If the destination host receives a segment that has an error, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) none of the above
transmit an RSND segment (Objective: Discuss message ordering in general and in HTTP and TCP.)
IP is ________. A) reliable B) unreliable C) semi-reliable D) unreliable or reliable depending on the situation
unreliable (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)
UDP is ________. A) reliable B) unreliable C) It depends on the situation. D) none of the above
unreliable (Objective: Discuss message syntax in general and in Ethernet frames, IP packets, TCP segments, UDP datagrams, and HTTP request and response messages.)